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PATHWAYS REVISION CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

What sis John Dalton do to create a periodic table

A

he arranged elements by mass

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2
Q

what were some good points/bad points of John dalton’s periodic table?

A

good: symbols to represent elements
bad:no space for new elements,not grouped by properties, contained some compounds

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3
Q

How did Newland group elements on his periodic table?

A

using ‘the law of octaves’ where every 8 elements had related properties.

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4
Q

what were some strengths and weaknesses of newland’s periodic table?

A

properties do repeat,
some elements not in the correct group, no room for new elements

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5
Q

What did Mendeleev do for his periodic table?

A

arranged them by mass, and rearranged if they were in the wrong group by property. Also left gaps for new elements

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6
Q

what were some good points of Mendeleev’s periodic table?

A

good- able to predict new elements to fill the gaps
predictions were correct, arranged by property

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7
Q

what did Dalton think atoms were?

A

tiny solid spheres that could not be seperated

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8
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J J Thompson

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9
Q

what was the plum pudding model?

A

A model of what the atom was thought to look like, where the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within it.

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10
Q

Which experiment lead to what development of the model of an atom by Rutherford

A

The alpha particle scattering experiment lead to Rutherford showing that the mass of an atom was concentrated in the centre and that this nucleus was positively charged. It was called the nuclear model.

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11
Q

How did Bohr adapt the nuclear model of the atom?

A

he suggested that the electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances.

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12
Q

What did James Chadwick provide evidence of

A

the fact that neutrons were present in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

define atom

A

the smallest part of an element that can exist

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14
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

+1

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15
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

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16
Q

what is the charge of a neutron

A

0

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17
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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18
Q

what is the charge of an electron

A

-1

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19
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron

A

rounds to 0

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20
Q

what is the atomic number of an element?

A

the number of protons in an element

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21
Q

the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is its…

A

mass number

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22
Q

how many electrons can be on the inside ring of an electronic structure diagram

A

2

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23
Q

how many electrons can each shell that isnt the middle hold

A

8

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24
Q

what is an ion

A

formed when atoms lose or gain electrons

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25
Q

do metals lose or gain electrons

A

lose ‘metals are losers’

26
Q

what does the group number mean on the periodic table

A

how many electrons are In the outside shell

27
Q

what does the period in the periodic table tell you about the structure of the atom

A

the number of electron shells each atom has

28
Q

what is the name of the elements in group 0

A

the noble gasses

29
Q

are noble gasses reactive or not

A

they are unreactive

30
Q

which noble gas is the only one which does not have an outer shell

A

helium, which has 2 electrons in total

31
Q

what is the name of elements in group 1 of the periodic table

A

alkali metals

32
Q

what do group 1 metals react with

A

oxygen the halogens and water

33
Q

What does sodium and oxygen react to create

A

sodium oxide

34
Q

what does sodium and chlorine react to creatE

A

Sodium chloride

35
Q

What does sodium and water react to create

A

Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen

36
Q

what do group 1 metals produce when reacting with water

A

heat, bubbles and coloured flame

37
Q

Are group 1 metals dense or not

A

No they float on water

38
Q

What are the group 7 elements known as?

A

The halgens

39
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of group 7 halogens?

A

7

40
Q

Are the halogens metals or non-metals?

A

Non-metals

41
Q

What is the trend as you go down group 7

A

Higher melting point, higher boiling point and they become less reactive as you go down

42
Q

What is the trend as you go down group 1 alkali metals

A

Reactivity increases

43
Q

Name the three sates of matter

A

solid liquid gas

44
Q

How do atoms achieve a full outer shell?

A

Loosing or gaining electrons to become ions

45
Q

What type of bond is a metal and a non-metal

A

ionic bond

46
Q

Do ionic bonds have regular or irregular structures when forming compounds?

A

Regular structure

47
Q

Describe boiling point and melting points of ionic compounds

A

The boiling and melting points are high

48
Q

What is a limitation of the ball and stick model

A

doesn’t show which atoms the electrons have come from

49
Q

What is a limitation of the structural diagram

A

Doesn’t show which atom the electronics have come from

50
Q

What is a limitation of a dot and cross diagram

A

Doesn’t show how the atoms are arranged in space

51
Q

Describe the melting and boiling point of giant covalent structures

A

They have very high melting and boiling points

52
Q

In a giant diamond covalent structure how many bonds does each atom form with other atoms

A

4

53
Q

In a giant graphite covalent structure how many bonds does each atom form with other atoms

A

3

54
Q

Name 4 examples of giant covalent structures

A

Diamond, graphite, buckminster fullerene, graphene

55
Q

What links diamond, graphite, buckminster fullerene and graphene

A

They are all made of carbon

56
Q

What is a polymer

A

Large molecule made of repeating structures linked by covalent bonds

57
Q

What is a delocalised electron?

A

Electrons that are free to move

58
Q

What are electrostatic forces

A

The attraction between positive and negative charges

59
Q

Explain how metallic bonding works

A

Outer electrons become delocalised, leaving positive metal ions, which are attracted to the sea of delocalised electrons surrounding them.

60
Q

What is the conservation of mass

A

No atoms can be created or made during a chemical reaction,

Mass of reactants = mass of the product

61
Q

Define concentration

A

The amount of a substance in a specific volume

science (3 decks)

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