Pathophysiology of PAIN Flashcards
What structures are more sensitive to actual or potentially damaging stimulus?
- Periosteum and joint capsule
2.Subchondral bone, tendons, ligament
3.Muscle and cortical bone
4.Synovium and articular cartilage
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain via stimulation of nociceptors (pain sensors)
What is neuropathic pain?
Pain via direct nerve damage?
What is a nerve ending?
The termination of a nerve fibre in a peripheral structure
What are the two types of nerve endings?
Sensory (receptor) and motor ending (effector)
Mechanoreceptors respond to…
skin, light touch, deep touch, pressure, hair follicle deflection
Ruffini corpuscles are?
Mechanoreceptors/proprioceptors that are in the skin and sensitive to touch, tension; in joint capsule.
Krauses end bulbs are?
Thermoreceptors (cold)
Pain receptors that are sensitive to extreme mechanical, thermal or chemical energy, and respond to noxious stimuli?
Nociceptors
What do afferent nerve fibres (neurons) do?
They transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the brain
What do efferent nerve fibres transmit?
Impulses from the brain towards to periphery
What is the process of first order/primary afferents?
They transmit impulses from sensory receptors to neurons at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
What is the associated sensory receptor for type 1a?
Receptors of muscle spindles
What is the associated sensory receptor for type lb?
Golgi tendon organ
What is the associated sensory receptor for type Aβ( II)
All cutaneous mechanreceptors
What is the associated sensory receptor for type Aδ (III)?
Free nerve endings of touch and pressure
Cold thermoreceptors
Nociceptors of neospinothalamic tract
What is the associated sensory receptor for type C (IV)?
Nociceptors of paleospinothalamic tract, warmth receptors
A-delta fibres are?
Myelinated, pain is fast and well localised
C fiberes are?
Unmyelinated and smaller than A-delta, transmitting slower so the pain is more of a lasting ache.
