Inflammation and Repair Processes, Acute injury treatment and complications Flashcards
When does acute inflammation begin?
0-72 hours
What are the functions of acute inflammation
Cell necrosis in damage area, increased blood flow, clotting cascade, vasoconstriction (5-10mins), vasodilation (hours-days), increased swelling and exudate.
What is the clotting cascade
Blood leaking from injury after acute vasoconstriction helps form clot and prevents further bleeding and infection.
Exudate is rich in?
Cells that are important for healing. Consists of coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators attracting more white blood cells.
White blood cells help clean the wound by?
Increasing vascular permeability and promote fibroblast activity (cells that synthesize extracellular matric and collagen)
How does local inflammation happen?
Vasodilation is promoted by various plasma cascade systems associated with the increased flow into the affected region. (consists of other systems)
During inflammation pressurised tissues show signs of?
Swelling, redness, heat and pain as there is a change in blood vessel dilation, pressure on nerve ending and clotting that obstructs the lymphatic drainage.
How long does reparation/proliferation last?
72h-6 weeks
What happens during reparation/proliferation?
There is proliferation of capillaries. Fibroblasts synthesise collagens nad proteoglycans…
How long does remodelling take?
6 weeks- months
What happens during remodelling?
Restructuring of scar tissue, differentiation to tissue specific cells and mechanical load leads to gradual re-organisation of the tissue
What are the benefits to minimising bleeding?
Less unstructured fibrous tissue, less adhesions and quicker resorption of metabolic by products associated with healing, tissue stresses at early mobilsation more natural.
What is haeomatoma?
It is the local acculumlation of blood often after direct (collision) and indirect (muscle strain) injury. can be intra or intermuscular
What often happens during calcifiation of the haemotoma?
Swelling and hardening of the muscle along with restriction of ROM.
Do anti-inflammatories help with pain?
Yes, they can reduce acute pain but have been implicated in slowing recovery with repeated use, largely to reduce the capillarization.
