Pathophysiology Of Pain

Question 1

Receptors of pain

Answer 1

Nociceptors

Question 2

Nociceptors

Answer 2

Receptors of pain
They are free ending nerves found in the skin,periosteum,joint surfaces
They are fibres A type and C type

They convert stimuli into nerve impulse.
They are polymodal( they detect too much heat ,touch,pressure, injury, chemical irritation)

Question 3

Asending pain pathway

Answer 3

Nociceptors activated
Stimuli convert into nerve impulse
Impulse transpoted to the spinal cord
Synapse into spinothalamic tract
Terminates into the thalamus 
Transported to the cerebral cortex( remember which side)

Question 4

Descending pathway of pain

Answer 4

Once pain is registered in the cerebral cortex
Inhibitory neurotransmitters are released
Signal is sent via corticospinal tract
From there it goes to skeletal muscles

Question 5

Algogens

Answer 5

Chemical substances that are released for the sensation of pain

Question 6

Chemicals reduced when the is tissue injury

Answer 6

Prostaglandin 
Serotonin 
Histamine
Bradykinin
Potassium 
Hydrogen ion
Substance P
Leukotrienes 
Somatostatin

Question 7

Endogenous opiods

Answer 7

Endorphins
Enkerphalins
Dynorphins

Question 8

Classification of pain

Answer 8

Nociceptor pain
Neuropathic pain
Psychogenic pain

Question 9

Examples of neuropathic pain

Answer 9

Neuropathic low back pain
Diabetes, HIV
Postherpetic pain
Stroke pain

Question 10

Pain evaluation

Answer 10

VAS(visual assessment scale)
VNRS(verbal numerical raring pain)
VRS(verbal rating scale)
Faces pain scale

Question 11

Pain management

Answer 11

Pharmacological

Non-pharmacological