Inflammation Flashcards
Inflammation
A body’s defense mechanism which falls under innate immune system
- it removes the initial cause of cell injury
- it destroys or neutralizes pathogens
- removes damaged tissue
- generate new tissue
Cardinal Signs of inflammation
Redness-increased blood flow Swelling-increased blood flow Heat-increased blood flow Pain- stimulation of pain receptors Loss of function- Swelling and pain
Causes of inflammation
Exogenous
- mechanical/physical
- chemical
- biological
Endogenous
- circulatory disorder hypoxia
- Immunocomplex formation
- Endogenous protease release
Steps of inflammation
- recognition of the pathogen or harmful agent
- recruitment of leukocytes
- removal of the agent
- regulation(removal of dead cells or tissues)
- repair
Types of inflammation
Acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation
It the immediate response
Happens in short duration
Neutrophils are major leukocytes involved in it
Chronic inflammation
Happens when acute inflammation does not achieve its goal
Cytokine storm
When there is excessive or uncontrolled release of cytokines
Levels of acute inflammation
VASCULAR- initial vasodilation (redness and heat) and then blood vessels become more permeable and porous and fluid leaks out (swelling)
CELLULAR- histamine and Bradykinin are released and other chemical mediators e.g interleukins and tumor necrosis factor.
Classification of diseases
Infection Injury Intoxication Chemical pathology Metabolic Endocrine Neoplastic Degenerative Deficiency
Techniques and methods of laboratory
Microscopy Tissue and cell culture Cell counters and aggregometors Culture and sensitivity test DNA extraction, cloning,phenotyping and genotyping Immunoassays Automated techniques Electrophoresis
Mediators of inflammation
Cytokines Chemokines Histamine Prostaglandin Serotonin
