Pathophysiology of ageing

Question 1

Why are people getting older?

Answer 1

increased resources availability
better economic conditions
improved screening programmes
better outcomes from major events

Question 2

consequences of people getting older in the population

Answer 2

more co-morbidities

Question 3

beneficial, neutral and detrimental aspects of ageing

Answer 3

B = increased experiential learning 
N = grey hair, pastime preference 
D = hypertension, decreased reaction time

Question 4

3 theories of ageing

Answer 4

homeostasis failure
stochastic
programmed

Question 5

stochastic ageing

Answer 5

cumulative damage

random

Question 6

programmed ageing

Answer 6

pre-determined

gene expression changes

Question 7

Frailty

Answer 7

effectively progressive dyshomeostasis

Question 8

social dyshomeostasis

Answer 8

different ability to compensate eg after a death

Question 9

Hypothyroid presentation in frail

Answer 9

depression - AF - cognitive impairment - heart failure - angina - muscle weakness

Question 10

The evidence gap

Answer 10

many conditions more common in older people

less clinical trials on older people - more on young and middle aged with less co-morbidities