Clinical pharmacology 1 and 2 Flashcards
Outcomes of pharmaceutical advertising
drives choice and increases cost
off label use eg surgical glue
advertising to doctors
When was the yellow card scheme introduced?
1963
What was the commission on human medicines formerly?
commission on safety of medicines
4 main duties of the CHM
advises ministers on matters relating to human medicinal products
advises licensing authority
considers representations by applicant or MA holder
promotes collection and investigations of ADR
MHRA (medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency) - what do they do?
internet sales and counterfeit monitor clinical trials regulation quality control promotion of safe use post marketing surveillance - incidents
Sources of yellow card reports
42% - pharmaceutical industry
6% - patient and carers
46% - healthcare workers
European medicines agency
European equivalent of FDA
cosmetics, food, vitamin supplements etc
When was the Scottish medicines consortium established?
2001 by Scottish government
SMC - what they do
cost effectiveness of NHS Scotland pharmaceuticals
minimise post code prescribing
Local formularies
local ownership of decision, effectiveness value
develop by ADTC
Role of area drugs and therapeutic committees
implement SIGN/NICE guidelines
local formularies
ration new and expensive drugs
cognitive error
incorrect diagnosis or medication
preventable and result in the most disability
Who is most at risk of errors?
elderly - complex conditions - A&E - inexperienced doctor - vascular, cardiothoracic and neuro surgery
Factors that could increase medication errors
increased use of medicines sicker and elderly patients in and out of hospital quicker new drug developments increased complexity of care and specialisation
people related causes of error include..
fatigue, alcohol, concentration, hunger, stress, distraction, lack of training
