Pathophysiology Key Concepts and Key Terms Exam 1

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

defined as the physiology of altered health

Question 2

1. Health

Answer 2

the absence of disease which includes wellness of mind, body, and spirit.

Question 3

2. Homeostasis

Answer 3

a balance between the internal and external environment regulated by several brain structures including: medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, reticular formation, and pituitary gland

Question 4

Negative feedback

Answer 4

reacts to changes after the fact to bring the body back into balance

Question 5

Positive feedback

Answer 5

addresses a situation and brings it to a conclusion: labor, lactation, lacerations

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

the study of disease causation

Question 7

Predisposition

Answer 7

tendencies that put an individual at risk for developing certain diseases

Question 8

Pathogenesis

Answer 8

how a disease develops

Question 9

6. Onset

Answer 9

when signs of something unusual is occurring
a. Acute - sudden
b. Insidious - gradual vague signs
c. Chronic - notable signs that last longer

Question 10

Diagnosis

Answer 10

identification of disease

Question 11

Manifestations of Disease

Answer 11

Signs - which can be seen and measured
Symptoms - what the patient describes
Syndrome - a group of signs and symptoms that occur together

Question 12

Remission

Answer 12

occurs when manifestations subside

Question 13

Exacerbation

Answer 13

when manifestations occur again or intensify

Question 14

Treatment

Answer 14

strategies used to manage or cure a disease or condition

Question 15

Prognosis

Answer 15

individuals’ likelihood of making a full recovery or regaining normal function

Question 16

Complications

Answer 16

new problems that arise because of the disease

Question 17

Mortality

Answer 17

death rate associated with a particular disease

Question 18

Epidemiology

Answer 18

a branch of science that analyzes patterns of diseases in a group of people

Question 19

Morbidity

Answer 19

disease rates within a group

Question 20

Hereditary

Answer 20

the passing of traits to offspring from its parents or ancestor

Question 21

Congenital

Answer 21

existing at birth

Question 22

Traumatic

Answer 22

relating to or denoting physical injury

Question 23

Idiopathic

Answer 23

cause unknown (idiot diagnosis)

Question 24

Iatrogenic physical

Answer 24

denoting an unfavorable response to therapy, induced by therapy

Question 25

Chemical

Answer 25

defined as something relating to chemistry or the use of a drug

Question 26

Infectious

Answer 26

capable of being transmitted by infection, disease due to the action of a microorganism

Question 27

Vascular

Answer 27

relating to blood vessels

Question 28

Metabolic

Answer 28

relating to the sum of chemical changes occurring in tissue

Question 29

Nutritional

Answer 29

pertaining to the assimilation though chemical changes (metabolism) of material

Question 30

Psychologic

Answer 30

relating to psychology or to the mind and its processes

Question 31

Idiopathic

Answer 31

denoting disease of unknown cause

Question 32

Tumors

Answer 32

abnormal swelling or cell growth

Question 33

Incidence

Answer 33

a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time

Question 34

Prevalence

Answer 34

the proportion of individuals in a population having a disease or characteristic

Question 35

Endemic

Answer 35

growing or existing in a certain place or region

Question 36

Epidemic

Answer 36

spreading rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time

Question 37

Pandemic

Answer 37

an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide (COVID-19)

Question 38

Iatrogenic physical

Answer 38

denoting an unfavorable response to therapy, induced by therapy