Pathophysiology and Medicinal Chemistry of lipid disorders

Question 1

T/F: If 40 percent of the lumen is obstructed the risk of stroke goes up drastically

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the orientation of a 5-alpha steroid, 5-beta steroid

Answer 2

planar/trans (flat), L-shaped/cis

Question 3

What is the substrate, the co-enzyme,enzyme and the product of the rate limiting step in creating cholesterol

Answer 3

HMG-SCoA, two NADHs, HMG-SCoA reductase, mevalonate

Question 4

What is the enzyme that converts cholesterol into HDL, What is the enzyme that converts excess cholesterol

Answer 4

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT), Lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT)

Question 5

What changes are done to the side chains of cholesterol in order to make them into bile acids

Answer 5

A hydroxy group added to the B and C ring, carboxylic acid added to the long chain (cholic acid)

Question 6

What is the function of bile acids, what changes to the original cholesterol allow for this function

Answer 6

Surfactant, addition of hydroxy groups making it more hydrophillic

Question 7

T/F: Cholesterol is not soluble in water so it travels trough use of lipoproteins

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is present in the lipoprotien core, the surface

Answer 8

cholesteral esters and triglycerides, phospoholipids and non esterified cholesterol along with apoplipoproteins

Question 9

What part of lipoprotein is used as recognition sites for receptors

Answer 9

Apoproteins

Question 10

What are the five different lipoproteins

Answer 10

HDL, IDL, LDL, VLDL, chlomicrons

Question 11

T/F: The more fat a lipoprotein has the more likely it is to sink

Answer 11

False: The more fat a lipoprotein has the more likely it is to float

Question 12

Which lipoprotein type is the primary vehicle for chlesterol transport

Answer 12

LDL

Question 13

What is the key cause of familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 13

Genetic defect in the sequence of LDL receptor

Question 14

When LDL has been engulfed by endocytosis due to receptor interactions what occurs next, what happens to the LDL receptor

Answer 14

Vesicle becomes and endosome and fuses with a lysosome, it is rececycled

Question 15

What are the LDL-receptor defects that can cause hypercholesterolemia

Answer 15

No receptor present, LDL binds poorly to the receptor, LDL is bound to the receptor, but the complex is not internalized

Question 16

What is the best way to reduce cholesterol

Answer 16

Change the diet

Question 17

What are the consequences of having high levels of free cholesterol in cells

Answer 17

Inhibits de novo syntheis, inhibit the expression of LDL receptors