Pathophysiology And Epidemiology Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define Disease

A

A deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, system

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2
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes

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3
Q

What are double blind studies?

A

Research in witch the research subject and the person administering the treatment are unaware of the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested. A placebo can also be used

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4
Q

Define Diagnosis

A

The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms

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5
Q

Define Etiology

A

The causative factors of a particular disease

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6
Q

Define idiopathic

A

A Disease of which the cause is known

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7
Q

Define iatrogenic

A

A disease caused by a treatment or procedure

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8
Q

Define Pathogenesis

A

The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

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9
Q

Define syndrome

A

Is a collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ

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10
Q

Define Sequelae

A

The potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition. Such as paralysis post stroke

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11
Q

Define remission

A

A period or condition in which the manifestations of the disease subside either permanently or temporarily

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12
Q

Define Epidemiology

A

The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

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13
Q

Define epidemic

A

An occurrence of a disease when there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area

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14
Q

Define Pandemic

A

An outbreak of disease that has a high number of cases in many regions of the globe

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15
Q

Define prognosis

A

The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

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16
Q

Define Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic systemic disorder with remissions and exacerbations, resulting in Permanent joint damage

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17
Q

Define Atrophy

A

A decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass

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18
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of individual cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

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19
Q

Define Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

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20
Q

Define metaplasia

A

Occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

21
Q

Define dysplasia

A

Tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased

22
Q

Define Anaplasia

A

Cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic features

23
Q

Define neoplasia

A

New cell growth . A neoplasm is commonly called a tumor

24
Q

Define malignant

A

Malignant neoplasms are reffed to as cancer

25
Define Benign
Tumors that do not necessarily become malignant. Are usually considered less serious because they do not spread and are not life threatening unless they are found in certain areas e.g the brain
26
Define Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
27
Define Necrosis
The death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ as a result of irreversible damage and not a programmed cellular event
28
Define exogenous
Chemicals from the environment
29
Define endogenous
Chemicals found inside the body
30
Define pyroptosis
The lysis or dissolution of the cell releasing destructive lysosomal enzymes into the tissue that cause inflammation
31
What is a free radicle
An extra electron, usually bound to oxygen that makes the molecule unstable and reactive. They are damaging to cells
32
Define necrosis
A group of cells that die and cause further damage due to cellular disintegration
33
Define liquefaction necrosis
When dead cells liquify under the influence of certain cells enzymes
34
Define coagulative necrosis
Occurs when the cells are denatured or altered
35
Define fat necrosis
Occurs when fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids in the presence of infection or certain enzymes
36
Define caseous necrosis
A form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellowish, cheesy substance forms
37
Define infarction
An area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen
38
Define Gangrene
An area of necrotic tissue usually associated with a lack of loss of blood supply that is followed by invasion of bacteria
39
Define congenital
A disease from birth
40
Define inflammatory disease
A physiological reaction of the body to a harmful agent that affects the body tissues
41
Define growth diseases
Abnormal tissue growth including adaptation to changing circumstances
42
Define Hemodynamic diseases
A change in the amount of body fluid or blockage of blood flow
43
Define immunity Disorders
``` 1 autoimmunity (attacks own cells) 2 immunodeficiency (failure to defend) 3 hypersensitivity (inappropriate reaction) ```
44
Define metabolic diseases
Disruption of normal metabolism
45
Define degenerative diseases
Loss of specialized structure and function of tissue
46
Name an example of an inherited disease
Cystic fibrosis
47
Name an example of a spontaneous disease
Down’s syndrome
48
Name an example of an accidental disease
Cerebral palsy due to hypoxia at birth