Pathophysiology And Epidemiology Definitions Flashcards
Define Disease
A deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, system
Define Homeostasis
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes
What are double blind studies?
Research in witch the research subject and the person administering the treatment are unaware of the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested. A placebo can also be used
Define Diagnosis
The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms
Define Etiology
The causative factors of a particular disease
Define idiopathic
A Disease of which the cause is known
Define iatrogenic
A disease caused by a treatment or procedure
Define Pathogenesis
The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
Define syndrome
Is a collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ
Define Sequelae
The potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition. Such as paralysis post stroke
Define remission
A period or condition in which the manifestations of the disease subside either permanently or temporarily
Define Epidemiology
The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease
Define epidemic
An occurrence of a disease when there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area
Define Pandemic
An outbreak of disease that has a high number of cases in many regions of the globe
Define prognosis
The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes
Define Rheumatoid Arthritis
A chronic systemic disorder with remissions and exacerbations, resulting in Permanent joint damage
Define Atrophy
A decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass
Define hypertrophy
An increase in the size of individual cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass
Define Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass
Define metaplasia
Occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Define dysplasia
Tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased
Define Anaplasia
Cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic features
Define neoplasia
New cell growth . A neoplasm is commonly called a tumor
Define malignant
Malignant neoplasms are reffed to as cancer
Define Benign
Tumors that do not necessarily become malignant. Are usually considered less serious because they do not spread and are not life threatening unless they are found in certain areas e.g the brain
Define Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Define Necrosis
The death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ as a result of irreversible damage and not a programmed cellular event
Define exogenous
Chemicals from the environment
Define endogenous
Chemicals found inside the body
Define pyroptosis
The lysis or dissolution of the cell releasing destructive lysosomal enzymes into the tissue that cause inflammation
What is a free radicle
An extra electron, usually bound to oxygen that makes the molecule unstable and reactive. They are damaging to cells
Define necrosis
A group of cells that die and cause further damage due to cellular disintegration
Define liquefaction necrosis
When dead cells liquify under the influence of certain cells enzymes
Define coagulative necrosis
Occurs when the cells are denatured or altered
Define fat necrosis
Occurs when fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids in the presence of infection or certain enzymes
Define caseous necrosis
A form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellowish, cheesy substance forms
Define infarction
An area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen
Define Gangrene
An area of necrotic tissue usually associated with a lack of loss of blood supply that is followed by invasion of bacteria
Define congenital
A disease from birth
Define inflammatory disease
A physiological reaction of the body to a harmful agent that affects the body tissues
Define growth diseases
Abnormal tissue growth including adaptation to changing circumstances
Define Hemodynamic diseases
A change in the amount of body fluid or blockage of blood flow
Define immunity Disorders
1 autoimmunity (attacks own cells) 2 immunodeficiency (failure to defend) 3 hypersensitivity (inappropriate reaction)
Define metabolic diseases
Disruption of normal metabolism
Define degenerative diseases
Loss of specialized structure and function of tissue
Name an example of an inherited disease
Cystic fibrosis
Name an example of a spontaneous disease
Down’s syndrome
Name an example of an accidental disease
Cerebral palsy due to hypoxia at birth
