Pathophysiology And Epidemiology Definitions

Question 1

Define Disease

Answer 1

A deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, system

Question 2

Define Homeostasis

Answer 2

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes

Question 3

What are double blind studies?

Answer 3

Research in witch the research subject and the person administering the treatment are unaware of the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested. A placebo can also be used

Question 4

Define Diagnosis

Answer 4

The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms

Question 5

Define Etiology

Answer 5

The causative factors of a particular disease

Question 6

Define idiopathic

Answer 6

A Disease of which the cause is known

Question 7

Define iatrogenic

Answer 7

A disease caused by a treatment or procedure

Question 8

Define Pathogenesis

Answer 8

The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process

Question 9

Define syndrome

Answer 9

Is a collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ

Question 10

Define Sequelae

Answer 10

The potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition. Such as paralysis post stroke

Question 11

Define remission

Answer 11

A period or condition in which the manifestations of the disease subside either permanently or temporarily

Question 12

Define Epidemiology

Answer 12

The science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Question 13

Define epidemic

Answer 13

An occurrence of a disease when there are a higher than expected number of cases within a given area

Question 14

Define Pandemic

Answer 14

An outbreak of disease that has a high number of cases in many regions of the globe

Question 15

Define prognosis

Answer 15

The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes

Question 16

Define Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 16

A chronic systemic disorder with remissions and exacerbations, resulting in Permanent joint damage

Question 17

Define Atrophy

Answer 17

A decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass

Question 18

Define hypertrophy

Answer 18

An increase in the size of individual cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

Question 19

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 19

An increase in the number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

Question 20

Define metaplasia

Answer 20

Occurs when one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

Question 21

Define dysplasia

Answer 21

Tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased

Question 22

Define Anaplasia

Answer 22

Cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic features

Question 23

Define neoplasia

Answer 23

New cell growth . A neoplasm is commonly called a tumor

Question 24

Define malignant

Answer 24

Malignant neoplasms are reffed to as cancer

Question 25

Define Benign

Answer 25

Tumors that do not necessarily become malignant. Are usually considered less serious because they do not spread and are not life threatening unless they are found in certain areas e.g the brain

Question 26

Define Apoptosis

Answer 26

Programmed cell death

Question 27

Define Necrosis

Answer 27

The death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ as a result of irreversible damage and not a programmed cellular event

Question 28

Define exogenous

Answer 28

Chemicals from the environment

Question 29

Define endogenous

Answer 29

Chemicals found inside the body

Question 30

Define pyroptosis

Answer 30

The lysis or dissolution of the cell releasing destructive lysosomal enzymes into the tissue that cause inflammation

Question 31

What is a free radicle

Answer 31

An extra electron, usually bound to oxygen that makes the molecule unstable and reactive. They are damaging to cells

Question 32

Define necrosis

Answer 32

A group of cells that die and cause further damage due to cellular disintegration

Question 33

Define liquefaction necrosis

Answer 33

When dead cells liquify under the influence of certain cells enzymes

Question 34

Define coagulative necrosis

Answer 34

Occurs when the cells are denatured or altered

Question 35

Define fat necrosis

Answer 35

Occurs when fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids in the presence of infection or certain enzymes

Question 36

Define caseous necrosis

Answer 36

A form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellowish, cheesy substance forms

Question 37

Define infarction

Answer 37

An area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen

Question 38

Define Gangrene

Answer 38

An area of necrotic tissue usually associated with a lack of loss of blood supply that is followed by invasion of bacteria

Question 39

Define congenital

Answer 39

A disease from birth

Question 40

Define inflammatory disease

Answer 40

A physiological reaction of the body to a harmful agent that affects the body tissues

Question 41

Define growth diseases

Answer 41

Abnormal tissue growth including adaptation to changing circumstances

Question 42

Define Hemodynamic diseases

Answer 42

A change in the amount of body fluid or blockage of blood flow

Question 43

Define immunity Disorders

Answer 43

1 autoimmunity (attacks own cells) 
2 immunodeficiency (failure to defend) 
3 hypersensitivity (inappropriate reaction)

Question 44

Define metabolic diseases

Answer 44

Disruption of normal metabolism

Question 45

Define degenerative diseases

Answer 45

Loss of specialized structure and function of tissue

Question 46

Name an example of an inherited disease

Answer 46

Cystic fibrosis

Question 47

Name an example of a spontaneous disease

Answer 47

Down’s syndrome

Question 48

Name an example of an accidental disease

Answer 48

Cerebral palsy due to hypoxia at birth