Pathophysiology

Question 1

COPD is a __________ disease characterized by _______ ________ ______ that is not ______ ___________

Answer 1

multicomponent, progressive airflow limitation, fully reversible

Question 2

_________ ___________ plays an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD in its chronic or stable state

Answer 2

Chronic inflammation

Question 3

Inflammation exists ______ ______ ________ __ ______

Answer 3

at all stages of COPD

Question 4

Inflammation ________ _____ _________ of COPD and _______ COPD exacerbations

Answer 4

increases with severity, during

Question 5

Key inflammatory cells implicated in stable COPD are ____________, ____________ and ________________

Answer 5

CD8+ T lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils

Question 6

Marked increases in _________ and __________ ___ ________are found in sputum during exacerbations

Answer 6

neutrophils, increases in eosinophils

Question 7

Importance of _____ _____________ in COPD is recognized by the _____ guidelines

Answer 7

chronic inflammation, GOLD

Question 8

_______ ___________ and ______ _________ also contribute to airflow obstruction

Answer 8

Mucociliary dysfunction, structural changes

Question 9

Comorbidities occur frequently in patients with COPD, and include ________ _________, ____ _______, _______ ________, __________, and ________

Answer 9

muscle dysfunction, weight loss, heart disease, depression, osteoporosis