Anatomy and Physiology of RESP System Flashcards
Main functions of the RESP system are to?
1) Provide constant supply of O
2) Remove CO2 as it builds up
RESP system also ________, ________ and ______ _______ _______
cleans, warms and humidfies inspired air
Four Stages of Respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation, External Respiration, Transport of RESP gasses, Internal Respiration
Upper RESP tract?
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx
Lower RESP Tract?
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles
Mucosa is a ______ that lines most of the ____ ______ ______ in the RESP system and contains mucus secreting ______ ______
membrane, air distribution tubes, goblet cells
Mucosa has three functions, what are they?
1) warms and humidifies air
2) secretes mucus that traps dust and other small particles
3) cilia move mucus towards pharynx where it is swallowed or expectorated
Pharynx is commonly called the ?
Throat
THe larynx, aka _____ ______, is involved in ______, _____ and _______.
Voice box, eating, breathing, speech
Nose does 5 things, name 3.
1) FIlters and cleans air
2) Moistens and warms air
3) Provides access to the airway for respiration
4) serves as resonating chamber for speech
5) houses the receptors for smell
Larynx does three things, what are they?
provides open airway for throat, acts as switching mechanism to route air and food to proper channel, produces voice
Trachea, or _______’s main function is to provide part of the pathway to _________ _____ to reach the _______.
windpipe, enable air, lungs
What are alveoli?
thin-walled air sacs
The right lung has ___ lobes and is ______ than the left
3, larger
Each lobe is supplied by ________ and ________ _________and is enclosed by _______ _________
blood and lymphatic vessels, connective tissue
__________ __________, or breathing, is the process that moves air into and out of the lungs
Pulmonary Ventilation
Two processes involved in breathing are?
Inspiration, Expiration
The exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli
External respiration
Internal respiration is?
exchange of gases that occurs between the capillary blood in the tissues and the body cells
During ______ _______ , the ____ is the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a complete normal respiratory cycle
normal respiration, TV
What is Spirometry?
a key method for measuring loss of respiratory function, assessing lung function at a particular point in time, or over time, or measuring the outcome of respiratory treatment
The respiratory centers in the brainstem do what?
stimulate specific nerves to initiate inspiration and expiration
Two types of receptors that can also affect respiration are the
chemoreceptors and stretch receptors
FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and TLC are used to measure
A patients breathing capacity
- What is the term used to describe the exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli?
a) Pulmonary ventilation
b) External respiration
c) Internal respiration
d) Transport respiration
b
- Which of the following describes the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the alveolar-capillary membrane?
a) Active transport
b) Diffusion
c) Osmosis
d) Capillary action
b
- Which of the following is not a measurement of respiratory function?
a) FVC
b) FEV1
c) TV
d) Sodium
d
- Which of the following is the most potent stimulus to respiration?
a) O2
b) CO2
c) pH
d) RBCs
b
- What is the term used to describe the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a respiratory cycle?
a) Residual volume
b) Tidal volume
c) Peak air flow
d) Expiratory reserve volume
b
- Which of the following is a description of forced vital capacity (FVC)?
a) The amount of air expelled when an individual takes a deep breath and forcefully exhales maximally and as quickly as possible
b) A measurement to determine a patient’s ventilation status
c) The volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of tidal volume
d) The volume of air that remains in the lungs at all times
a
- Which of the following does NOT describe FEV1?
a) The maximal volume that can be expired in a specific time
b) One of the most common measurements used to determine a patient’s breathing capacity
c) Is lower in patients with obstructive disease
d) Is higher in patients with restrictive disease
d
- Which of the following includes the components of the upper respiratory tract?
a) Nose, pharynx, and trachea
b) Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
c) Bronchi, trachea, and pharynx
d) Nose, pharynx, and larynx
d
- Which of the following includes the components of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
b) Bronchi, bronchioles, and nose
c) Trachea, larynx, and bronchioles
d) Trachea, bronchioles, and pharynx
a
- Which is the correct pattern of the branching of the bronchial tree?
a) Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
b) Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
c) Trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles
d) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles
b
- What is the size of bronchiole passageways?
a) ≤1 mm in diameter
b) ≤2 mm in diameter
c) ≤3 mm in diameter
d) ≤4 mm in diameter
a
- Which of the following is NOT a reason why alveoli are effective at exchanging gas?
a) Thin walls
b) Close contact with capillaries
c) Increased surface tension along alveoli walls
d) Provide large surface area
c
