Pathophysiology

Question 1

Narrowing of coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing angina

Answer 1

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Question 2

Acute blockage of the coronary arteries results in ischemia and the infarct of the heart muscle

Answer 2

Myocardial Infarction (MI): STEMI (more serious) or Non-STEMI

Question 3

The heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with excess fluid

Answer 3

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 4

Electrical abnormalities in the “wiring” of the heart causes the atria to quiver abnormally

Answer 4

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

Question 5

A blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow to the lungs

Answer 5

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Question 6

Infiltrate (bacterial infection) and inflammation inside the lung

Answer 6

Pneumonia (PNA)

Question 7

Collapsed lung

Answer 7

Pneumothorax (PTX)

Question 8

Long-term damage to the lung’s alveoli along with inflam and mucous production (chronic bronchitis)

Answer 8

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 9

Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles, known as a “bronchospasm”

Answer 9

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)

Question 10

Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the brain resulting in permanent brain damage

Answer 10

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

Question 11

Traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the head leads to bleeding in the brain

Answer 11

Hemorrhagic CVA/ Brain Bleed

Question 12

Vascular changes temporarily deprive a part of the brain of oxygen (Sx usually last lest than 1 hr)- mini stroke

Answer 12

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Question 13

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to abnormal physical manifestations

Answer 13

Seizure (SZ)

Question 14

Inflam or viral infection of the facial nerve causes one-sided weakness of the entire face

Answer 14

Bell’s Palsy

Question 15

Temporary loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in loss of consciousness

Answer 15

Syncope (Passing out)

Question 16

2 Causes: May be harmless problem of the inner ear, or it may be caused due to damage in a specific center of the brain (possible CVA)

Answer 16

Vertigo (Dizziness)

Question 17

Abbreviation for appendicitis?

Answer 17

APPY

Question 18

Hemorrhage in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract can lead to anemia

Answer 18

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed)

Question 19

Widened and weakened arterial wall at risk of rupture

Answer 19

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

Question 20

Blood slows down while flowing through long straight veins in the extremities. Once the clot is formed it continues to grow and eventually block the vein

Answer 20

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Question 21

Shortage of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and production of ketones

Answer 21

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)