Pathophysiology

Question 1

t(8:14) translocation

Answer 1

burkitts lymphoma
(pronounced burk8’s)

Question 2

t(11:14) translocation

Answer 2

mantel cell lymphoma
also associated with CD 5

Question 3

t(11:18) translocation

Answer 3

marginal zone lymphome

Question 4

t(14:18) translocation

Answer 4

follicular lymphoma (BCL-2 activation)

Question 5

t(15:17) translocation

Answer 5

APL

Question 6

t(9:22) translocation

Answer 6

philadelphia chromosome
CML

Question 7

markers associated with ALL

Answer 7

CD 10 and TdT

Question 8

markers assoicated with CLL

Answer 8

CD 5, CD 20, CD 23

Question 9

haem malignancy associated with TRAP stain and what is it?

Answer 9

Hairy cell leukaemia
TRAP
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
(TRAPed in a hairy situation)

Question 10

stary sky appearnace on microscopy

Answer 10

burkitts lymphoma

Question 11

features of reed-sternberg cells and what condition they are found in

Answer 11

hodgkins lymphoma
- CD 15 and CD 30 positive
- owl eyes (bilobed nucleus with 2 halves as mirror images)

Question 12

most common type of hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 12

nodular scleroing

Question 13

most common type of non-hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 13

diffuse large B cell

Question 14

inherited thrombophillia with associated miscarriages

Answer 14

factor V leiden

Question 15

causes of DIC

Answer 15

heat stroke, sepsis, obstetric complications, acute pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusions

Question 16

basophillic nuclear remnants in RBC

Answer 16

howell jolley bodies (splenectomy or non-functioning spleen)

Question 17

giant B cells with bilobed nucleus with prominent inclusion

Answer 17

(owls eye)
reed sternberg cells (hodgkins lymphoma)

Question 18

hair on end appearance (crew cut) on x-ray

Answer 18

B thalassaemia or sickle cell anaemia
(due to marrow expansion)

Question 19

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophages

Answer 19

‘starry sky appearance’
Burkitts lymphoma

Question 20

stacks of RBC

Answer 20

rouleux formation
found in multiple myeloma

Question 21

smudged WCC’s

Answer 21

CLL

Question 22

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 22

langerhan cell histocytosis

Question 23

myeloperoxidase positive cytoplasmic inclusions with increasing circulating myeloblasts

Answer 23

Aeur rods (APL)

Question 24

anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies

Answer 24

immune thrombocytopenia

Question 25

hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 25

megaloblastic anaemia

Question 26

basophillic stippling of RBC's

Answer 26

sideroblastic anaemia or thalassaemia

Question 27

lab value of sideroblastic anaemia

Answer 27

high serum iron low ferritin (iron overload)

Question 28

medication used to increase neutrophil count in patients who are neutropenic

Answer 28

filgrastim (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor)

Question 29

what immunoglobulin is asociated with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 29

IgG

Question 30

what immunoglobulin is associated with cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Answer 30

IgM

Question 31

what factors are inhibited by antithrombin III

Answer 31

Vitamin K independant protease Vitamins II, IX, X

Question 32

pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 32

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia due to Ab against ADAMTS13 which is responsible for cleaving vWF Blood shows fragmented erythrocytes

Question 33

drug that is used as prophylaxis for sickle cell patients

Answer 33

hydroxyurea increase HgF

Question 34

Histology of kapsosai sarcoma

Answer 34

Spindle shaped cells with lymohocytic infiltrate

Question 35

Presentation of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 35

Fever Hypotension Abdominal pain

Question 36

Fragmented erythrocytes

Answer 36

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia I.e. found in TTP

Question 37

what tumour is associated with anti-NMDA Ab?

Answer 37

ovarian teratoma

Question 38

tear drop poikoilocytes on blood film

Answer 38

thalassaemia megaloblastic anaemia myelofibrosis

Question 39

pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Answer 39

antibodies directed against IIB/IIIC glycoprotein

Question 40

RBC with an outer ring of haemoglobin surrounding a central condensation of haemoglobin

Answer 40

target cells - sickle cell

Question 41

features of hydrops fetalis

Answer 41

fluid within 2 or more compartments in newborn baby causes i.e. alpha thalassaemia, Rh incompatability

Question 41

hamaturia that resolves throughout the day

Answer 41

paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria

Question 42

pathophysiology of paroxysmal nocturnal hamaturia

Answer 42

due to genetic defect of PIG-A gene resulting in impaired synthesis of GPI anchors = decreased extracellular complement inhibitors and haemolysis

Question 43

mediastinal mass with light blue scanty non-granular cytoplasm

Answer 43

acute T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

Question 44

features of paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria

Answer 44

red urine in the morning that improves throughout the day pancytopenia venous thrombosis associated with acute leukaemias CD55/59 negative

Question 45

pathophysiology of paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria

Answer 45

due to PIG-A mutation resulting in impaired synthesis of GPI anchoring proteins results in impaired inhibition of complement = hamolysis