Pathophysiology

Question 1

Define endocrinology

Answer 1

The endocrine system is physiological which maintains homeostasis to regulate growth, development and co-ordinate physiological and behavioural adaptations to environment

Question 2

What are the three main classes of hormones?

Answer 2

Endocrine – Paracrine – Autocrine

Question 3

From a chemical standpoint what are the four main classes of hormones?

Answer 3

Protein and peptide – Steroid – Amine hormones – Eicosanoids

Question 4

What are peptide hormones all derived from? How are they secreted and received?

Answer 4

Amino acids – Exocytosis – Cell surface receptors

Question 5

What are all steroid hormones derived from? How do they circulate? Where are their receptors located and why?

Answer 5

Cholesterol – Binding proteins – Intracellular because they are lipid soluble

Question 6

What two things are amine hormones derived from?

Answer 6

Tyrosine and Tryptophan

Question 7

What are the two types of amine hormone that are derived from tyrosine? What is their acting speed?

Answer 7

Catecholamines, fast acting – Thyroid hormones, slow onset

Question 8

What are amine hormones derived from tryptophan called? Where do they bind?

Answer 8

Indoleamines – Plasma membranes

Question 9

What are Eicosanoids derived from? How quick it their action and for how long?

Answer 9

Arachidonic acid – Quick action and rapidly inactivation