Pathophysiology

Question 1

Arrhythmia is also known as

Answer 1

Dysrhythmia

Question 2

Definition of arrhythmia

Answer 2

ABNORMAL heartbeat

Question 3

Arrhythmia is PRIMARILY caused by

Answer 3

Disturbance in
1. Cardiac impulse formation (heart beat formation)
2. Conduction (flow of impulse)

Question 4

Treatment of arrhythmia is necessary if it

Answer 4

REDUCES cardiac output
PRECIPITATE to more serious diseases

Question 5

Increase heartbeat=

Answer 5

Not completely elect blood=decrease blood

Question 6

Normal heartbeat will

Answer 6

Efficiently empty contents and increase cardiac output

Question 7

Causes of arrhythmia

Answer 7

Coronary ischemia or infarction (COMMON)
Tissue Hypoxia
Electrolyte imbalance
SANS overstimulation
General anesthetics (affect CARDIAC TRANSMEMBRANE potentials)

Question 8

Increase in heart rate will AGONIZE

Answer 8

B1
(+) Ino, Chrono, Dromo

Question 9

Increased automaticity

Answer 9

Overstimulation of SANS
( Increase impulse and agonize B1 )

Question 10

Effects of increased automaticity

Answer 10

Increased phase 4 slope
More NEGATIVE threshold potential
More POSITIVE maximum diastolic potential

Question 11

What does FASTER to reach threshold mean

Answer 11

EARLY depolarization = increase heart rate

Question 12

What does more POSITIVE MDP mean

Answer 12

Relax earlier (make impulse immediately)

Question 13

Location of increased automaticity

Answer 13

SA node

Question 14

Location of after depolarization

Answer 14

Cardiac cells

Question 15

After depolarization is the

Answer 15

ABNORMAL calcium influx

Question 16

Extrasystole

Answer 16

Prolong QT interval
Ex. Digitalis glycosides

Question 17

DELIVERY of impulse

Answer 17

Conduction

Question 18

RE-EXCITATION fa particular zone

Answer 18

Re-entry

Question 19

Ischemia and hypoxia

Answer 19

Slowing of conduction until it ceases

Question 20

Most common cause of UNIDIRECTIONAL BLOCK

Answer 20

Decremental conduction

Question 21

Decremental conduction had INCREASED resistance in

Answer 21

Anterograde conduction

Question 22

Has FULL velocity as it encounters the area of great resistance
JUMPS across the ischemic area WITHOUT being extinguished

Answer 22

Retrograde impulse