Pathophysiology Flashcards
Arrhythmia is also known as
Dysrhythmia
Definition of arrhythmia
ABNORMAL heartbeat
Arrhythmia is PRIMARILY caused by
Disturbance in
1. Cardiac impulse formation (heart beat formation)
2. Conduction (flow of impulse)
Treatment of arrhythmia is necessary if it
REDUCES cardiac output
PRECIPITATE to more serious diseases
Increase heartbeat=
Not completely elect blood=decrease blood
Normal heartbeat will
Efficiently empty contents and increase cardiac output
Causes of arrhythmia
Coronary ischemia or infarction (COMMON)
Tissue Hypoxia
Electrolyte imbalance
SANS overstimulation
General anesthetics (affect CARDIAC TRANSMEMBRANE potentials)
Increase in heart rate will AGONIZE
B1
(+) Ino, Chrono, Dromo
Increased automaticity
Overstimulation of SANS
( Increase impulse and agonize B1 )
Effects of increased automaticity
Increased phase 4 slope
More NEGATIVE threshold potential
More POSITIVE maximum diastolic potential
What does FASTER to reach threshold mean
EARLY depolarization = increase heart rate
What does more POSITIVE MDP mean
Relax earlier (make impulse immediately)
Location of increased automaticity
SA node
Location of after depolarization
Cardiac cells
After depolarization is the
ABNORMAL calcium influx
Extrasystole
Prolong QT interval
Ex. Digitalis glycosides
DELIVERY of impulse
Conduction
RE-EXCITATION fa particular zone
Re-entry
Ischemia and hypoxia
Slowing of conduction until it ceases
Most common cause of UNIDIRECTIONAL BLOCK
Decremental conduction
Decremental conduction had INCREASED resistance in
Anterograde conduction
Has FULL velocity as it encounters the area of great resistance
JUMPS across the ischemic area WITHOUT being extinguished
Retrograde impulse
