pathophysiology

Question 1

what is pathophysiology?

Answer 1

branch of medicine that investigates disease
whole person needs to be considered

Question 2

what is health?

Answer 2

state of complete physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease

Question 3

what is illness?

Answer 3

perception or response to not being well
can be ill without disease

Question 4

what is the international classification of functioning, disability and health? (ICF)

Answer 4

promotes universal language for international discussion of diability

designed to supplement the traditional medical model in order to describe the whole person

Question 5

what factors influence activity?

Answer 5

health condition
participation
body structure and functions
environmental factors
personal factors

Question 6

what is incidence?

Answer 6

the number of NEW cases in a specified time period in relation to population “at risk” of developing the condition at the beginning of the time period

Question 7

what is prevalence?

Answer 7

measure of all cases (NEW AND OLD) among population “at risk” for developing the condition at one point in time

Question 8

what is natural history?

Answer 8

how a disease progresses over time - if left alone
predictive factors
not always clear

Question 9

what are noncommunicable diseases?

Answer 9

lifestyle or chronic diseases
- largely preventable
heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes

Question 10

what are the three categories of disease prevention?

Answer 10

primary - removing/reducing risk factors i.e. exercise programs
secondary - earlier detection i.e. physical exams
tertiary - limit impact of established diseases i.e. rehabilitation

Question 11

what do genes influence?

Answer 11

appearance and life processes

can be turned on, off or expressed by various factors

Question 12

what is epigenetics?

Answer 12

study of how biology and environmental signals determine gene expression

Question 13

is epigenetics reversible?

Answer 13

yes!

Question 14

what is an external environment?

Answer 14

where we live and the things around us and their influence
lifestyle choices (exercise, drugs, smoking)

Question 15

what is an internal environment?

Answer 15

interaction of attitudes, thoughts, emotions, reactions
truthful/positive or false/negative messaging - your perception of pain can perceive your worth

Question 16

what is the most adverse influence on health?

Answer 16

socioeconomic status
- also has differences in attitudes toward health related to social classes

Question 17

what are health disparities?

Answer 17

differences in individual or community health owing to lack of access, high cost or other factors

Question 18

health across the life span is strongly affected by ____

Answer 18

social disadvantage

Question 19

what social structural conditions exert a negative influence on health?

Answer 19

poverty, discrimination, conflict

Question 20

what are cultural influences?

Answer 20

environment in which family members were raised

religious beliefs, social habits, health prevention and promotion