Pathophysiology 1 Flashcards
Bacteriuria
-bacteria in urine (UTI or colonization)
Pyuria
-pus in urine (WBC)
“significant” bacteriuria
-10^5 colonie forming units per mL
Dysuria
-pain/burning on urination
Lower Urinary Tract Infection
-bladder infection (cystitis)
Urethritis
-inflammation of urethra, trauma, chemical hurt (dysuria)
Pyelonephritis
-infection of renal pelvis, kidney collecting system
Acute Urethra Syndrome
- frequent urination, urgency, burning, dysuria
- can happen if no infection
Causes of Dysuria
- 50% clasic cystitis >10^5
- 10% herpes urethritis
- 14% unknown
- 8% chlamydia
- bacterial lower UTI 10^2-4/mL
UTI Epidemiology
- most common bacterial infection
- infants: males>females
- years 3-50: females»>males
- elderly >65 increased bacteriuria, multiple factors
- greater with intercourse
- greater with pregnancy (4-10% all women), 25% progression
Bacteria that cause UTIs
- 95% from GI tract
- E. coli is most common
- staph. saprophyticus
- other “niche” organisms
Does the type of birth control matter with UTIs?
- yes
- diaphragm changes angle of urethra
- spermicidal changes flora of vagina
- oral pill is best for lowest bacteria
Route of Infection of UTIs
-ascending 95%
urethral trauma, intercourse, instrumentation, diaphragm
-hematogenous <5% (endocarditis, etc.)
Mechanisms of UTIs
- adhesion: fimbrie to stick to uroendothelial cells
- colonization: replicate in urinary tract
- invasion: evade host defense, go to soft tissue
- phase variation: shift antigens/virulence factors
Type 1 Fimbriae
-mano sensitive (blocked by adding manose, b/c it will bind to the manose)
