Pathophys: Oncology Flashcards
where does cervical cancer metastasize to?
peritoneum
where does colon cancer metastasize to?
liver
where does prostate cancer metastasize to?
bone
where does breast cancer metastasize to?
bone
where does lung cancer metastasize to?
brain
where does testicular cancer metastasize to?
lung
What does TNM stand for?
primary tumor (T) regional lymph nodes (N) distant metastasis (M)
How do we stage the “T” of TNM?
TX=cant be evaluated
T0=no primary tumor
Tis=carcinoma in situ
T1, 2, 3, 4=size and/or extent of primary tumor
what are the 7 paraneoplastic syndromes? (2 questions)
- cushing syndrome
- hypercalcemia
- ectopic hormone production
- hypercoaguability (Trousseau sign)
- carcinoid syndrome
- hyponatremia/SIADH
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
what are the 6 oncologic emergencies?
2 questions
- spinal cord compression
- hyperuricemia/tumor lysis syndrome
- superior vena cava syndrome
- hypercalcemia
- PE/DVT
- infection
How do we stage the “N” of TNM?
NX=cant be evaluated
N0=no regional lymph node involvement
N1, 2, 3=degree of lymph node involvement (# and location of lymph nodes)
How do we stage the “M” of TNM?
MX=cant be evaluated
M0=no distant mets
M1=distant mets present
cushing syndrome (endocrine)
excessive corticosteroids in the body
-seen in small cell lung cancers, adrenal cancers
carcinoid syndrome (endocrine)
tumor secretion of hormone mediators
- facial flushing, edema of head and neck
- tumors of GI, lung, pancreas, testes, ovaries
hypercalcemia (endocrine)
tumors secrete PTH, bone cancer
-non small cell lung, breast, mult. myeloma, renal cell, prostate
