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Paramedic Cardiology > Pathophys > Flashcards

Pathophys Flashcards

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1
Q

prinz metal angina

A

caused by coronary vessle vasospasm

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2
Q

stable angina

A

sudden onset
3-5 min lasts
releived with rest and nitro

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3
Q

unstable angina

A

sudden onset
initated during rest
lasts longer than 20 min
may not resolve with rest or nitro

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4
Q

transmural mi

A

q wave will be present.

goes through entire thickness of myocardium

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5
Q

subedorcardial

A

q wave not present.

partial thickness

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6
Q

1 cause of death from MI

A

dysrhythmia

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7
Q

levine sign

A

clenched fist over cehst

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8
Q

atypical presentation of mi

A

diabetics
chronic hypertension
elderly
female

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9
Q

1 cause of RHF

A

LHF

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10
Q

5 life threats of cp

A 
mi 
pe
aortic dissection 
tamponade 
pneumothorax
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11
Q

becks triad

A

hypotension
jvd
muffled heart tones

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12
Q

managment of cardiac tamponade

A

o2 to 94
fluid 30 ml/kg
dopamine
pericardiocentesis

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13
Q

causes of cardiogenic shock

A 
mi 
left sided hf 
tension pneumo 
cardiac tampnoade 
cardiac contusion
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14
Q 
systolic <80
resp distress 
cp 
weakness 
ams 
tachycardia
A

cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

cardiogenic shock management

A

treat underlying problem
fluid based on lung sounds
consider positive inotrops

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16
Q

hypertensive emergency requirement

A

uncontrolled hypertension greater than 180

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17
Q

tearing sensation on chest or back

A

dissecting aortica aneurysim (red flag on nremt)

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18
Q 
syncope 
absent or reduced pulses 
unequal bp 
unequal pulse 
tearing sensation 
flank pain 
scapular pain 
radiation into lungs
A

dissecting aortic aneurysm

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19
Q

normal axis deviation

A

0-90
vector will point towards hypertrophy
away from infarct

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20
Q

right atrial abnormality

A

dilation of right atrium from elevated venous pressure or high pulmonary pressure
p wave bigger than 2.5mm in lead 2 or 1.5 mmm in lead 1

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21
Q

left atrial abnormality

A

p wave normal height but prolonged duration. means valvular heart disease

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22
Q

RVH

A

caused by pulmonary hypertension.

in v1 R wave taller than s wave

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23
Q

LVH

A

caused by systemic hypertension.

sum of depth of s wave in v1 and r wave in 5 or 6 exceedes 35 mm

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24
Q

unstable angina on 12 lead

A

st depression of .5 mm in 2 contiguous leads

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25
Q

benign early repolarization

A

mimicks st elevation

j or fishook appearance to j point and a concave st segment morphology in v4 v6 and inferior leads

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26
Q 
st elevation (less than 5 mm in multiple leads. 
depressed or downslopin pr segment.

chest pain is positional***

A

pericarditis-
inflammation of pericardial sac
positional chest pain

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27
Q

s1q3t3 pattern

A

deep s wave in lead 1
deep narrow q wave in lead 3
t wave inversion in lead 3

28
Q

s1q3t3
new rbbb
st depression in 123

A

PE

29
Q

osborne wave

shivering on 12 lead

A

hypothermia

30
Q

tall peaked t waves. p waves become flattened and eventually disappear
maybe wide qrs

A

hyperk

31
Q

flat or absent t waves

u wave

A

hypokalemia

32
Q

u wave

A

small deflection after t wave

33
Q

shortened qt interval means

A

hypercalcemia

34
Q

long qt interval means

A

hypocalcemia

35
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle becomes weak diminishing its ability to pump enough blood through the body

36
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

myocardial wall becomes thick. usually diagonsed in 30s and 40s

37
Q

brugada syndrome

A

rare genetic disorder affecting sodium channels in heart

38
Q

long qt syndrome

A

qt interval longer than .45

heart is experiencing an extended refractory period.

39
Q

deeply inverted symmetric t waves in precordial leads and prolonged qt interval

A

intracranial hemorrhage

if ekg shows it then pt has symptoms

40
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of calcium and cholesterol inside walls of arteries

41
Q

atheroma

A

mass of fatty tissue that gradually calcifies hardening into atheromatous plaque

42
Q 
heavy crushing pain 
radiates to left arm 
also goes neck jaw upper back epigastrium 
not affected by breathing or movement 
may show levine sign
A

acs

43
Q

plasmin

A

activates plasminogen which dissolves clot

44
Q

cor pulmonale

A

heart disease that develops because of chronic lung disease. usually secondary to copd

45
Q 
tachycardia 
pulsus alternan(strong and weak beats) 
crackles 
cough with frothy sputum 
third heart sound 
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspna 
orthopnea (positional dyspnea) 
pulsus parodoxus
A

lvf

46
Q 
weight gain 
ascites 
swelling 
jvd 
liver enlargment 
spleen enlargment 
nausea
A

RVF

47
Q

causes of cardiac tamponade

A 
aortic dissection 
blunt trauma 
mi 
heart surgery 
hypothyroidism 
renal disease

pt will often be to ill to answer questions

48
Q

cardiac tamponade treatment

A

if no signs of hf give fluid

pericardiocentesis

49
Q

cardiogenic shock ss

A 
compensated:
crackles 
jvd
peripheral pulse weak and rapid 
skin pale and mottled, cool and moist
narrow pulse pressure

decompensated is same but with altered mental status

50
Q

cardiogenic shock treatment

A

1-200 ml of fluid stop if crackles appear

dopamine, epi, norepi titrated to 90 sys

51
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

acute elevation of bp with end organ damage

52
Q

hypertensive encephalopathy

A

acute hypertensive crisis. sudden escalation to above 200/130

53
Q

when map gets dangerous

A

150 can breach blood brain barrier
1/3rd difference of sbs and dbp added to dbp

first sign nv and headache
then seizures blindness or aphasia

54
Q

endocarditis

A

infection of lining of heart

can damage heart valves

55
Q

fever and chills
loss of apetite weight loss joint ache sob cough
red and blue lesions on palms and soles

A

endocarditis

56
Q

valvular stenoissi

A

heart must work harder to pump through narrowed vavles

57
Q

pericarditis causes

A

viral, bacterial, fungal
heart surgery
heart attack

58
Q

flu like symptoms
stabbing pain
made worse by deep breathing coughing, laying flat. made better when sitting up

fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, jvd

A

pericarditis

59
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of myocardium

caused by viral infection, rheumatic fever, chemical poisons, alchoholism

60
Q

rheumatic fever

A

causes stenosis of mitral valve and aortic valve

61
Q

scarlet fever

A

caused by same bacteria as strep throat. strawberry tongue

dangerous to infants

62
Q 
sudden onset pain. 
sense of impending doom 
tearing ripping sensation 
max pain immediatly 
does not stop 
bp discrepency
A

aortic aneurysm

63
Q

acute arterial occlusion

A

sudden onset and disruption of blood flow because of thrombus or trauma to artery

64
Q

pale mottled skin on limb when raised
turns red when lowered below heart
sensory issue in limb

A

acute arterial occlusion

65
Q

claudication

A

pain or cramping in legs during activity

66
Q

dvt

A

blood clot in vein.

67
Q

risk factors for dvt

A

pregnant or immobile for long periods of time.
damage to inner lining of vessle
dehydration, oral contraceptives hormone replacement therapy

Paramedic Cardiology (6 decks)

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