PATHOOOO Flashcards
where is adrenaline released from
the adrenal glands
explain the pathway of adrenaline
- SNS massage from hypothelamus
2.acetycholine (pre synaptic neuron) binds to nicotinic receptos (post sympatin) - noradrenaline binds to adrenergic receptors in target organs
- one of the target organs is the adrenal gland and adrenaline is released into the bloodstream
Adrenergic receptor B1 memory trick
1 HEART beat stimulated by B1
Adrenergic receptor B2 memory trick
2 lungs to Breath, B 2
A1 role
stimulates all SM, organs and glands except cardiac tissue
B1 role
cardiac tissue stimulation
B2 role
inhibits all SM organs and glands
patho of adrenaline in anaphylaxis
airway constriction, B2 stimulation, causes brocodliation
vasodilation (HTN)- A1 stimulation- vasoconstriction resolves HTN
adrenaline increases HR and contractility via B2= also assists with HTN
patho of adrenaline in brococonstriction
B2 stimulated = brocodilation
when are prostagliands released
when cells in an area of direct blood supply are damaged, pro-inflammatory mediadtors such as prostoglands are rebased
state the COX 2 prostaglandins functions
inflammation, fever, pain and stimulation of platelet aggregation
state COX 1 prostaglandin functions
maintains stomach mucosa, maintains renal perfusion, inhibits platelet aggregation
what type of prostaglandin is aspirin
equally cox 1 and 2, but cox 1 is good for platelet aggregation inhibition
inflammation occurs any time….
there is damage to vascular tissue
what is glycogen
stored glucose
Glucagon tells the liver cells too…
break down glycogen into glucose
where is histamine predominately stored
in the mast cells, that are dense populated in the skin, lungs, and GI tract
how prednisone stops inflammatory response
inhibit the synthesis of multiple inflammatory proteins through suppression of the genes that encode them.
nausea is triggered when
serotonin is released into the GI tract at a faster rate then it can be digested
where in the brain dose nausea come from
the chemoreceptor trigger zone
how opitate stimulation blocks pain
inhibition of firing and the release of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in pain transmission, thereby blocking pain transmission.
how tramadol works
opiate stimulation stops acending pain signals and reuptake of serationin and noradrenaline blocks decending signals
what is pnemonia
infection in the lung tissue alveoli or bronicoles , where a microbe had successfully colonised in a normally sterile environment, causing inflammation brings fluid or and mucus into the lungs
pneumonia presentation
fever
productive cough
fatigue
chills
chest pain