Pathomorphology WORDS Flashcards
Anitschkow cells (Caterpillar cells):
Reactive histiocytes (enlarged macrophages), found within granulomas associated with Rheumatic Fever.
Aschoff bodies:
Rheumatic fever, in myocardial tissue.
Central area of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by Anitschkow (caterpillar) cells.
Contains lymphocytes, plasma cells, multinucleated giant cells.
Asteroid body:
Stellate inclusions found in giant cells of granulomas in diseases such as sarcoidosis
Atheroma:
Fibrous plaque (cap) in atherosclerosis, made of SMCs, foam cells, inflammatory cells, ECM, & lipids.
Overlies a necrotic center
Auer rods:
Fused azurophilic granules, present in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)
Bence Jones protein:
Light chains in urine.
Tumor marker in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Blue-domed cysts:
Cysts with hemorrhage found in Fibrocystic change (FCC) of breast.
No malignant potential.
Brown atrophy:
Brown tissue discoloration caused by accumulation of Lipofuscin in primary lysosomes.
Normal age-related finding in the elderly.
Call-Exner bodies:
Found in Granulosa-theca cell tumor
Charcot-Leyden crystals:
Found in asthmatics, formed by crystalline granules in eosinophils
Chocolate cyst:
Endometrioma; Type of ovarian cyst linked to endometriosis.
Clara (club) cells:
Bronchiolar exocrine dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in bronchioles.
Most commonly gives rise to Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (adenocarcinoma of lung)
Colles fracture:
Fracture of distal radius in forearm w/ dorsal & radial displacement of wrist and hand.
Often seen in osteoporosis
Cord factor:
Virulence factor (protein) produced by TB inside phagosomes of alveolar macrophages, prevents fusion of lysosomes w/ phagosome
Councilman bodies:
Apoptotic hepatocyte, found in viral hepatitis
Crystals of Reinke:
Found in Pure Leydig cell tumors
Curschmann spirals:
Spiral-shaped mucus plugs from subepithelial mucous gland ducts or bronchioles;
Found in sputum of asthmatics
Dohle bodies:
Light blue-gray, oval, basophilic, leukocyte inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils.
Dowager’s hump:
Kyphosis (forward bending of spine) due to advanced osteoporosis.
Increased risk for Colles fracture of distal radius.
Dust cells:
Black, pigmented alveolar macrophages produced by phagocytosis of black anthracotic pigment (coal dust) in Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis.
Epiphrenic diverticulum:
Above lower esophageal sphincter
Fatty streaks:
Grossly visible lesions in the development of atherosclerosis.
Irregular yellow-white discoloration of luminal surface of the artery.
Foam cells:
Fat-containing macrophages seen in atherosclerosis, produced when body sends macrophages to location of a fatty deposit on blood vessel walls.
Ghon focus:
Caseous necrosis in periphery of lungs found in primary TB
Ghon complex:
Caseous necrosis in hilar lymph nodes in primary TB
Heart Failure cells:
Alveolar macrophages with Hemosiderin.
Gives sputum a rusty-brown color.
Heinz bodies:
Inclusions within RBCs composed of denatured (damaged) hemoglobin (by oxidant damage or from inherited mutation)
Kayser-Fleischer ring:
Copper deposits in Descemet membrane of cornea, found in Wilson’s Disease (not pathognomonic).
Also found in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).
Kerley lines:
Thin, linear pulmonary opacities seen on chest radiographs with interstitial pulmonary edema
Kulchitsky cells:
Neuroendocrine cells.
Give rise to Small cell Carcinoma (SSC) of lung
Kupffer cells:
Stellate macrophages located in liver, lining walls of sinusoids.
Activation => Early ethanol-induced liver injury;
Increased in acute viral hepatitis
Lewy bodies:
Abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells in Parkinson’s Disease.
Appear as eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in degenerating substantia nigra neurons.
Mallory bodies:
Damaged cytokeratin intermediate filaments found in cytoplasm of hepatocytes => ballooning.
Classically found in alcoholic hepatitis
Meckel Diverticulum:
Bulge in small intestine (blind-ended tubular protrusion), vestigial remnant of vitelline duct or yolk sac.
Most common malformation of GI tract.
Orphan Annie nuclei:
Nuclei that appear empty, found in Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
Popcorn (L&H) cell:
Variant of RS cells.
Found in some types of HL.
Psammoma bodies:
Dystrophically calcified cancer cells, found in:
- Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland
- Prolactinoma
- Serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
- Meningioma
- Mesothelioma
Punched-out lesions:
Occur in bone in Multiple Myeloma, most common site is vertebrae
Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell:
Neoplastic cell of HL, most are of B-cell origin
Rheumatoid factor:
Predominantly IgM; Auto-antibody against IgG (Fc portion).
Typically occurs in Rheumatoid arthritis (not pathognomonic), but also SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome
Rokitansky tubercle:
Nipple-like structure in wall of Cystic Teratoma
Schaumann bodies:
Laminated calcium concretions found in granulomas of Sarcoidosis
Schiller-Duval bodies:
Found in Yolk sac tumor, resemble primitive glomeruli.
Signet ring cells:
Cell with large vacuole, most frequently associated with stomach cancer.
Also found in Krukenburg tumor in ovaries (from hematogenous spread of gastric cancer)
Snowstorm appearance:
In ultrasound of Complete mole ( Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm)
Staghorn calculus:
Struvite stone, upper urinary tract stone composed of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), resulting from urease-producing bacterial infections (Proteus)
Starry Sky appearance:
Found in Burkitt lymphoma.
Neoplastic B cells, and reactive histiocytes containing phagocytic debris.
Virchow nodes:
L. supraclavicular lymph nodes
Weibel-Palade bodies:
“glue factory” of endothelial cells, synthesize P-selectin
Xanthelasma:
Yellow plaque on eyelid due to cholesterol deposited in macrophages (foam cells) in interstitial tissue.
Found in Primary biliary cirrhosis
Xanthoma:
Deposition of yellowish-cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body.
Cutaneous Lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin.
Lines of Zahn:
Alternating pale and red areas of laminated thrombi in heart chambers and aorta
Zenker’s Diverticulum:
Outpouching of mucosa and submucosa in upper esophagus, above upper esophageal sphincter (above cricopharyngeal muscle) (= area of weakness)
