Pathomorphology WORDS

Question 1

Anitschkow cells (Caterpillar cells):

Answer 1

Reactive histiocytes (enlarged macrophages), found within granulomas associated with Rheumatic Fever.

Question 2

Aschoff bodies:

Answer 2

Rheumatic fever, in myocardial tissue.

Central area of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by Anitschkow (caterpillar) cells.

Contains lymphocytes, plasma cells, multinucleated giant cells.

Question 3

Asteroid body:

Answer 3

Stellate inclusions found in giant cells of granulomas in diseases such as sarcoidosis

Question 4

Atheroma:

Answer 4

Fibrous plaque (cap) in atherosclerosis, made of SMCs, foam cells, inflammatory cells, ECM, & lipids.

Overlies a necrotic center

Question 5

Auer rods:

Answer 5

Fused azurophilic granules, present in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)

Question 6

Bence Jones protein:

Answer 6

Light chains in urine.

Tumor marker in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Question 7

Blue-domed cysts:

Answer 7

Cysts with hemorrhage found in Fibrocystic change (FCC) of breast.

No malignant potential.

Question 8

Brown atrophy:

Answer 8

Brown tissue discoloration caused by accumulation of Lipofuscin in primary lysosomes.

Normal age-related finding in the elderly.

Question 9

Call-Exner bodies:

Answer 9

Found in Granulosa-theca cell tumor

Question 10

Charcot-Leyden crystals:

Answer 10

Found in asthmatics, formed by crystalline granules in eosinophils

Question 11

Chocolate cyst:

Answer 11

Endometrioma; Type of ovarian cyst linked to endometriosis.

Question 12

Clara (club) cells:

Answer 12

Bronchiolar exocrine dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in bronchioles.

Most commonly gives rise to Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (adenocarcinoma of lung)

Question 13

Colles fracture:

Answer 13

Fracture of distal radius in forearm w/ dorsal & radial displacement of wrist and hand.

Often seen in osteoporosis

Question 14

Cord factor:

Answer 14

Virulence factor (protein) produced by TB inside phagosomes of alveolar macrophages, prevents fusion of lysosomes w/ phagosome

Question 15

Councilman bodies:

Answer 15

Apoptotic hepatocyte, found in viral hepatitis

Question 16

Crystals of Reinke:

Answer 16

Found in Pure Leydig cell tumors

Question 17

Curschmann spirals:

Answer 17

Spiral-shaped mucus plugs from subepithelial mucous gland ducts or bronchioles;
Found in sputum of asthmatics

Question 18

Dohle bodies:

Answer 18

Light blue-gray, oval, basophilic, leukocyte inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils.

Question 19

Dowager’s hump:

Answer 19

Kyphosis (forward bending of spine) due to advanced osteoporosis.

Increased risk for Colles fracture of distal radius.

Question 20

Dust cells:

Answer 20

Black, pigmented alveolar macrophages produced by phagocytosis of black anthracotic pigment (coal dust) in Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis.

Question 21

Epiphrenic diverticulum:

Answer 21

Above lower esophageal sphincter

Question 22

Fatty streaks:

Answer 22

Grossly visible lesions in the development of atherosclerosis.

Irregular yellow-white discoloration of luminal surface of the artery.

Question 23

Foam cells:

Answer 23

Fat-containing macrophages seen in atherosclerosis, produced when body sends macrophages to location of a fatty deposit on blood vessel walls.

Question 24

Ghon focus:

Answer 24

Caseous necrosis in periphery of lungs found in primary TB

Question 25

Ghon complex:

Answer 25

Caseous necrosis in hilar lymph nodes in primary TB

Question 26

Heart Failure cells:

Answer 26

Alveolar macrophages with Hemosiderin.

Gives sputum a rusty-brown color.

Question 27

Heinz bodies:

Answer 27

Inclusions within RBCs composed of denatured (damaged) hemoglobin (by oxidant damage or from inherited mutation)

Question 28

Kayser-Fleischer ring:

Answer 28

Copper deposits in Descemet membrane of cornea, found in Wilson’s Disease (not pathognomonic).

Also found in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).

Question 29

Kerley lines:

Answer 29

Thin, linear pulmonary opacities seen on chest radiographs with interstitial pulmonary edema

Question 30

Kulchitsky cells:

Answer 30

Neuroendocrine cells.

Give rise to Small cell Carcinoma (SSC) of lung

Question 31

Kupffer cells:

Answer 31

Stellate macrophages located in liver, lining walls of sinusoids.

Activation => Early ethanol-induced liver injury;
Increased in acute viral hepatitis

Question 32

Lewy bodies:

Answer 32

Abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells in Parkinson’s Disease.

Appear as eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in degenerating substantia nigra neurons.

Question 33

Mallory bodies:

Answer 33

Damaged cytokeratin intermediate filaments found in cytoplasm of hepatocytes => ballooning.

Classically found in alcoholic hepatitis

Question 34

Meckel Diverticulum:

Answer 34

Bulge in small intestine (blind-ended tubular protrusion), vestigial remnant of vitelline duct or yolk sac.

Most common malformation of GI tract.

Question 35

Orphan Annie nuclei:

Answer 35

Nuclei that appear empty, found in Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid

Question 36

Popcorn (L&H) cell:

Answer 36

Variant of RS cells.

Found in some types of HL.

Question 37

Psammoma bodies:

Answer 37

Dystrophically calcified cancer cells, found in:

• Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland
• Prolactinoma
• Serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
• Meningioma
• Mesothelioma

Question 38

Punched-out lesions:

Answer 38

Occur in bone in Multiple Myeloma, most common site is vertebrae

Question 39

Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell:

Answer 39

Neoplastic cell of HL, most are of B-cell origin

Question 40

Rheumatoid factor:

Answer 40

Predominantly IgM; Auto-antibody against IgG (Fc portion).

Typically occurs in Rheumatoid arthritis (not pathognomonic), but also SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome

Question 41

Rokitansky tubercle:

Answer 41

Nipple-like structure in wall of Cystic Teratoma

Question 42

Schaumann bodies:

Answer 42

Laminated calcium concretions found in granulomas of Sarcoidosis

Question 43

Schiller-Duval bodies:

Answer 43

Found in Yolk sac tumor, resemble primitive glomeruli.

Question 44

Signet ring cells:

Answer 44

Cell with large vacuole, most frequently associated with stomach cancer.

Also found in Krukenburg tumor in ovaries (from hematogenous spread of gastric cancer)

Question 45

Snowstorm appearance:

Answer 45

In ultrasound of Complete mole ( Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm)

Question 46

Staghorn calculus:

Answer 46

Struvite stone, upper urinary tract stone composed of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), resulting from urease-producing bacterial infections (Proteus)

Question 47

Starry Sky appearance:

Answer 47

Found in Burkitt lymphoma.

Neoplastic B cells, and reactive histiocytes containing phagocytic debris.

Question 48

Virchow nodes:

Answer 48

L. supraclavicular lymph nodes

Question 49

Weibel-Palade bodies:

Answer 49

“glue factory” of endothelial cells, synthesize P-selectin

Question 50

Xanthelasma:

Answer 50

Yellow plaque on eyelid due to cholesterol deposited in macrophages (foam cells) in interstitial tissue.

Found in Primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 51

Xanthoma:

Answer 51

Deposition of yellowish-cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body.

Cutaneous Lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin.

Question 52

Lines of Zahn:

Answer 52

Alternating pale and red areas of laminated thrombi in heart chambers and aorta

Question 53

Zenker’s Diverticulum:

Answer 53

Outpouching of mucosa and submucosa in upper esophagus, above upper esophageal sphincter (above cricopharyngeal muscle) (= area of weakness)