pathomechanisms of fu organs Flashcards
The stomach has an interior-exterior relationship with which organ
the spleen
what organ governs the reception of food and therefore is responsible for appetite
the stomach
what organ governs the downbearing of turbid
the stomach
why is the stomach an organ susceptible to counterflow?
because the action of the stomach is downward
what are the two possible vacuity patterns we can see with the stomach
stomach vacuity cold and stomach yin xu
what are the four possible repletion patters we can see with the stomach
stomach repletion cold, food stagnation, stomach heat, and stomach qi ascending (counterflow)
how can one get excess cold in the stomach
by excess consumption of cold, raw foods
what is an example of excess cold in the stomach
wind-cold
the liver invading the stomach could lead to_
stomach qi xu
vacuity cold in the stomach is characterized by_
gradual onset, pronounced vacuity signs, fewer cold signs, longer duration
excess cold in the stomach is characterized by_
sudden onset, pronounced cold signs, fewer vacuity signs, shorter duration
what are some of the signs and symptoms of vacuity cold in the stomach
stomach pain, vomiting (clear, cold, sour fluid), belching, acid upflow
general: aversion to cold, lack of warmth in the extremities, pale, enlarged tongue, soggy pulse
what are some signs and symptoms of excess cold in the stomach
acute cold pain (ex: cramping), glomus and distention, nausea and vomiting, cold limbs and body (more cold), pale tongue with white fur, sunken tight pulse
in what instance would one feel better or worse when/after vomiting?
with vacuity cold in the stomach, one would feel worse when vomiting
with excess cold in the stomach, one would feel better when vomiting
symptoms are worsened by exposure to cold, and relieved by eating or applying heat or pressure in what circumstance?
vacuity cold
syptoms are worsened with pressure, exposure to cold, and relieved by exposure to warmth in what circumstance?
excess cold
what is stomach yin vacuity
insufficiency of the yin humor of the stomach
what are some of the causes of stomach yin vacuity
- intense stomach heat (ie: overconsumption of greasy, spicy foods, liver fire)
- damp-heat injuring the stomach/spleen
- damage to liquid due to externally contracted febrile disease
what are some of the signs and symptoms of stomach yin xu
dry lips and mouth, strong thirst, reduced food intake, dry/crimson area in center of tongue (may be peeled), rapid/fine pulse
*we do not see general yin deficiency signs here
what are some signs and symptoms of food stagnation
aversion to food, nausea, vomiting (putrid smelling), belching, foul smelling stool and flatus, relief of discomfort with passing stool or flatus
what are some causes of stomach heat
evil heat entering the interior, overindulgence of hot, spicy, greasy foods or alchohol, liver fire invading the stomach
*also can be generated during pregnancy
what are some signs and symptoms of stomach heat
- heat affecting the functino of intake/receiving (ie: rapid metabolism, rapid digestion and hungering)
- heat affecting the stomach downbearing (ie: pain, burning sensation in the stomach, vomiting, insatiable hunger, hard stool)
- stomach heat results in upper body signs (ie: bad breath, painful, swollen, bleeding gums)
- general signs of stomach heat (ie: bitter taste in mouth, dry mouth, red tongue with yellow dry coat, rapid, slippery pulse)
a chief sign of impaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach is_
stomach qi ascending counterflow (ie: nausea, vomiting, belching, hiccough)
what causes stomach qi counterflow?
anything that impairs harmonious downbearing of stomach qi (ie: cold, heat, phlegm, food stagnation, damp-turbidity)
what are the three patterns of the small intestine
- small intestine qi pain (replete cold) (mounting-repleted cold in SI)
- small intestine replete heat
- small intestine vacuity cold
what are the causes of repletion heat in the small intestine
- a pathology of the SP or ST passing to SI via hot, spicy, greasy foods
- heart-fire draining to SI (ex: emotional excess)
what are the signs and symptoms of repletion heat in the small intestine
vexation, mouth sores, rough/painful urination, reddish urine (ie: UTI), abdominal pain, yellow tongue fur, rapid/slippery pulse
what is the cause of small intestine qi mounting (repletion cold)
caused by small intestine vacuity and invasion of wind-cold, or cold invading the abdomen
what is SI repletion cold charcterized by
characterized by qi-stagnation due to cold (ie: twisting pain in abdomen, testicles or lower back, tight/slow pulse, likes warmth and no pressure, abdomen feels cold to the touch)
small intestine vacuity cold is usually seen with _
spleen qi or yang vacuity
signs and symptoms of small intestine vacuity cold are a result of an interruption of the small intestine’s function of:
separation of pure from tubid
what are some signs and syptoms of vacuity cold in the small intestine
- dull pain in lower abdomen (relieved by pressure and warmth)
- rumbling intestines
- frequent, inhibited urination
- pale tongue with white fur
- weak moderate pulse
- disruption in urination and digestion
what are the two vacuity patterns that can exist for the LI
- vacuity cold
- humor depletion
what are the three repletion patters that can exist for the LI
- damp-heat
- heat-bind
- cold-bind
what are the main causes why LI can misfunction
- ST and LU not descending
- accumulation of heat which damages the body fluid = dry stool
- yang, qi, blood, or yin deficiency = dry stool and constipation
what are the main causes of diarrhea
- cold damp accumulating in the middle jiao
- damp heat accumulating in the middle jiao
- SP yang vacuity (diarrhea with undigested food)
what are the two main causes of large intestine vacuity cold
spleen yang deficiency and kidney yang deficiency
what are the causes of spleen yang deficiency affecting the LI
improper diet, chronic illness, emotional strain, overstrain, KD yang deficiency
what are the signs and symptoms of spleen yang deficiency affecting the LI
thin diarrhea, reduced food intake, cold limbs, aching lumbus, aversion to cold, thin tongue fur, fine sunken pulse
what are some causes of kidney yang deficiency affecting the LI
spleen yang xu, heart yang xu, lung yang xu, congenital deficiencies, aquired deficiency, overexertion, chronic disease, old age
what are the signs and sx of kidney yang deficiency affecting the LI
(many same signs and sx as spleen yang deficiency) thin diarrhea, reduced food intake, cold limbs, aching lumbus, aversion to cold, thin tongue fur, fine sunken pulse
what are the cuases of large intestine humor depletion
- damage to liquids (short-term due to febrile disease)
- postpartum blood vacuity
- liquid depletion in the elderly
- long term, severe illness (depletes yin/humor
what are some signs and symptoms of large intestine humor depletion
dry, hard stool, difficult defecation, generally weak state of health, no abdominal distention or pain
what are the causes of damp-heat pouring down to LI
- weak spleen + heat in the stomach (usual cause)
- dampness obstructing the intestines leading to heat
what are the signs and symptoms of large intestine damp-heat
abdominal pain, diarrhea with ungratifying defecation, foul smelling stool, gas, dysentery (frequent with blood and pus), tenesmus (urgent need to defecate but inability to)
what is large intestine heat bind
constipation/dry stool caused by heat in the intestines
what are the signs and sx of LI heat bind
abdominal pain that does not like pressure, dry yellow tongue fur, sunken full pulse
what is large intestine cold bind
constipation due to cold qi in the intestines
what are the signs and sx of LI cold bind
dull abdominal pain, bland taste in mouth, white tongue with scanty fur, wiry, sunken pulse
what is the main function of the gall bladder
store and secrete bile
which organ governs decision making
gall bladder
GB disharmony may result in_? In relation to GB’s role in decision making
difficulty making decisions or maintaining balanced judgement in stressful situations
fear, anxiety, indecision, insomnia, tinnitus, dizziness, visual disturbance are possible feelings of _
GB vacuity
what enables the movement of bile
the liver qi’s free coursing
what two possibilities can exist which would impede on the movement of bile
- damp heat in middle jiao that suppresses the LV and GB
- emotional disturbances
when there is a disruption of the movement of bile what may this lead to?
digestion problems and decresed function of the SP and ST
in extreme causes, when bile leaks out from GB, what does this cause?
jaundice
what are some signs and symptoms of insecurity of gall bladder qi
vacuity vexation (result of yin xu due to heat damage), insomnia, easily frightened, bitter taste in the mouth, frequent sighing, doubt and suspicion
when replete heat invades the gall bladder, what are some signs and symptoms one may experience
headache on both sides of the heat, painful canthii (corners of the eye), dizziness, tinnitus, bitter taste in mouth, dry throat, vexation, agitation, irascibility, fullness and pain in chest and ribside, alternating fever and aversion to cold (shao yang disorder), wiry rapid and forcefull pulse, tongue is red with yellow fur
what is the cause of liver-gall bladder damp-heat
- impairment of liver’s free coursing function:
~internal damp heat (excessive consumption of fatty, greasy, or sweet food, and alcohol
~external attack of damp-heat
what are some signs and symptoms of liver-gall bladder damp heat
alternating hot/cold, bitter taste in mouth, rib-side pain, abdominal pain and distention, aversion to food, vomiting, yellowing of skin, yellow urine, tongue fur is yellow and slimy, pulse is rapid and wiry
*if heat is more pronounced: stool is dry, damp = sloppy
most vacuity patterns of the bladder are due to_
kidney qi xu
if the _____ is deficient, it is unable to transform fluids to turn it into urine
kidney
what are some signs and symptoms of UB vacuity
frequent urination, dribbling incontinence, enuresis
most repletion patters of the bladder are due to _
damp heat pouring down
what are some signs and symptoms of UB repletion patterns
short frequent voidings of urine, reddish urine, pain upon urination, stones, pus, bloody urine, urinary block
