lecture 5 Flashcards
phlegm aka
phlegm-rheum or phlegm-water
difference between fluids and water/rheum
fluids:(jin-ye) are the nourishing liquid substances of the body
water/rheum: the pathological collection of fluids in one area of the body due to non movement
difference between phlegm amd water rheum
phlegm is thicker and more viscous while water (rheum) is thinner.
Water can collect in certain areas of the body (chest, skin, muscles)
phlegm can move anywhere via the SJ and mvmt of Qi
phlegm can be produced by ANY improper function of what organs
SP, LU, KD
where is phelgm made and stored
made in the SP and stored in the LU
imbalances that may lead to phlegm accumulation
attack of exogenous influences
damange by the seven affects
overindulgence/malnutrition
distruption of qi/yang
what is fire’s influence on fluid metabolism
fire does not affect the qi transformation process but can act on fluid metabolism directly
“phlegm is merely fire with form; fire is merely formless phlegm”
what are sx of phlem in the LU
cough and wheezing, excessive phlegm and expectoration
what are sx of phlem in the HT
stifling sensation in the chest and palpitations (heart is obstructed)
what are sx of phlegm misting the orifices
unconsciousness, incoherent, and mental deficiency
what are sx of phlegm-fire disturbing the heart
mania, possible epilepsy
what are sx of phlem in the ST
nausea, vomiting, fullness, pain in the stomach and abdomen (due to stomach being unable to descend)
what are sx of phlem in the meridians, tendons, and bones
scrofula, numbness, hemiplegia, bone spurs
what are sx of phlem in the head
light-headed/feeling faint
blood stasis
a condition in which blood fluid in part of the body is not moving. This includes blood in the vessels and blood that leaves the vessels and becomes stagnant inside the body
what are some factors that lead to the formation of blood stasis
qi deficiency
qi stagnation
clots in the blood
heat in the blood
external injuries/trauma
Qi is the _____ of blood
commander
if qi is deficient, how will this affect the blood
if qi is deficient there may not be enough qi to adequately move the blood leading to blood stasis
if qi is stagnant, how will this affect the blood
if qi is stagnant it cannot move blood leading to blood stasis
substantial vs insubstantial phlegm
substantial is external, insubstantial is internal
(however the translation for “insubstantial” is not technically accurate)
cold will cause the blood to_
contract and stagnate
heat will cause the blood to_
congeal and lead to stasis
what is the effect on blood when there is SP qi deficiency, heat and/or trauma
blood may be caused to move outside the vessels and stagnate in the body
what are some general signs and sx of blood stasis
sharp/fixed pain which increases with pressure and possibly gets worse at night
masses and swellings - palpable in the muscles & may be observable, slightly blue, hard & fixed
internal masses
bleeding-dark purple; clotting in mentrual blood
thin/choppy pulse (deficiency), deep and wiry (qi stag), regular or irregular intermittent pulse
sx of blood stasis in the heart
palpitations, stifling sensation in the chest and heart pain, cyanosis of lips and nails, in severe cases-mania
sx of blood stasis in the lung
chest pain and hemoptysis
sx of blood stasis in the stomach and intestine
pain in the epigastrium, vomiting blood, black stool (blood in stool)
sx of blood stasis in the liver
hypochondriac pain, palpable abdominal masses
sx of blood stasis in the uterus
lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities (dysmenorrhea, clotting dark red or purple flow, excessive bleeding)
sx of blood stasis in the extremities
gangrene, ans possible subcutaneous hematoma
the basic principles that guide the emergence of disease consist of what three principles
- insufficiency of right qu (zheng qi) is the internal factor in the emergence of disease
- evil qi (xie qi) is an essential prerequisite for the emergence of disease
- the outcome of the fight between zheng qi and xie qi determines whether or not a disease emerges
what are the four factors in pathogenesis
- relative strength and weakness of the right qi and evil qi
- disharmony of yin and yang
- imbalances of qi, blood, and body fluid
- dysfunction of viscera, bowels and extraordinary organs
what are the two main types of disease patterns
excess (shi)
deficiency (xu)
zheng qi
right qi (jing, qi, blood, and fluids) compendium of the active aspects of the body (organs, blood, jing, fluids) and all forms of qi (yuan, construction, defense, organ, and channel) that come together to maintain health and resist disease
xie qi
evil qi; including, but not limited to the 6 environments (referred to as the 6 evils when in excess in the body)
“any entity in its active aspect of harming the body”
when the right qi is strong or the pathogen is weak_
the right qi wins the struggle and can fend off the pathogen; therefore disease does not emerge
when the right qi is vacuous and the pathogen is strong_
evils wins the battle and can invade, disrupting natural interrelationships and disease may arise
causes of excess disease patterns
six evils
epidemic pathogens
stagnation and accumulation of: qi, phlegm/water, food blood
signs and sx of excess disease patterns
fullness, pain that does not like pressure, panting, wheezing, inhibited urination, vexation, or delirium
what are sx of excess heat diseases
high fever, aversion to heat
what are sx of excess cold diseases
constriction and pain, aversion to cold
what are sx of excess disease in the heart
vexation, agitation, and in severe cases, delirious speech
what are sx of excess disease lodged in the lung
panting, wheezing.
*if phlegm is exuberant, than rattling is heard on auscultation
what are sx of excess disease lodged in intestines
bowel qi is not free, leading to distention, fullness and pain that is worse with pressure
what are sx of replete water-damp evil
may block the formation of urine or inhibit the movement of urine
what is the pulse like of an excess disease
full and forceful
what may the tongue look like with an excess disease
thick and greasy tongue coat (if water turbidity or phlegm steams and rises)
causes of deficient (xu) disease patterns
chronic diseases/consumptive diseases (diminish the vital substances and fluids) weakness develops over time. Chronic/consumptive diseases will weaken the right qi
s/sx of vacuous yang qi
decreased functions in warming, transporting, protecting and holding leading to: pale facial complexion, physical cold with cold limbs, fatigued spirit with sob, spontaneous sweating, loose stool, frequent urination, pale tongue body
s/sx of vacuous yin qi
malar flush afternoon, five centers heat, heart vexation and palpitations, night sweats, red tongue, with little or no fur
pulse of dual vacuity of qi and blood
empty and forceless pulse, or thin and forceless
external, hot and excess diseases are ascribed to
yang
internal, cold and deficient diseases are ascribed to
yin
what are the 4 basic patterns of yin/yang disharmony
excess of yang, excess of yin, deficienty of yang, deficiency of yin
causes of excess heat
the hyperactivity of yang qi:
heat (or fire) or other yang pathogen
cold pathogen which has transformed into heat
emotional imbalances which can turn into heat
qi and blood stagnation turned into depressed heat
diet (spicy, greasy food, alcohol_) and improper use of warm herbs
s/sx of excess heat
fever, aversion to heat, red face, red eyes, vexation and agitation, rough breathing, loud voice, bitter taste, desire for cold liquids, red urine, boud stool, red tongue body, yellow and dry fur, surging/rapid/forceful pulse
causes of excess cold
cold, damp, yin pathogen
excessive consumption of raw cold food/herbs or cold medicinals
s/x of excess cold
cold body and limbs, aversion to cold, pale tongue, pulse is slow and forceless
causes of yang deficiency
congenital deficiencies (weakness of pre-heaven)
aquired deficiency (lack of nutrition, overexertion, or chronic disease [organ dysfunction])
old age
s/sx of yang deficiency
bright white facial complexion, fatigue, lack of strength, fear of cold, cold limbs and body, lying curled up in fetal position, spontaneous sweating, arge and tender tongue body, slow forceless pulse
causes of yin deficiency
congenital deficiencies, pathogenic yang that damages yin, unbalanced emotions (qi stag) that turn into fire and damage yin, chronic disease, overexertion, hot food/herbs, old age
s/sx of yin deficiency
dryness, thirst, tidal fever, malar flush, heat of the 5 centers, night sweats, insomnia, tender red tongue with little or no fur, fine pulse
in mixed patterns of deficient yin and yang, we assume that what organ is also either yin or yang deficient
Kidney
T/F_deficient yin causes damage to yang & deficient yang causes damage to yin
TRUE
deficient yin damaging yang
in longstanding cases of yin deficiency the attendant hyperactivity of yang can over time weaken the essential qi of the kidney and weaken the yang
s/sx of deficient yin damaging yang
aversion to cold, cold limbs, deep weak pulse, heat signs caused by yin deficiency
deficient yang damaging yin
in longstanding cases of yang deficiency essential qi of the kidney is damaged. This leads to generalized qi deficienty and an inability to produce yin fluid
s/sx of deficient yang damagint yin
thin body, irritibility, dryness, heat signs in upper burner, cold signs from yang vacuity
collapse of yin and yang
a situation in which either yin-fluid or yang-qi is suddenly and excessively lost.
The substance collapses.
Terminal stage of disease if not promptly and correcly treated death is imminent
causes of collapse of yang
pathogen is so strong right qi cannot resist and yang suddenly collapses.
Yang qi is Constitutionally weak and with overexertion it collapses.
Excessive sweating, bleeding or diarrhea can cuase excessive loss of yang qi
s/sx of yang collapse
profuse cold sweat, very cold limbs, sleeping in fetal position, listlessness, faint deep pulse
causes of yin collapse
severe pathogenic heat
chronic pathogenic heat that consues/exhausts the yin fluid
severe bleeding, diarrhea, sweating, vomiting (anything that rapidly depletes yin fluid)
s/sx of yin collapse
profuse sticky sweat, warm limbs, shortness of breath, thirst, irritability, rapid and faint pulse
