Pathoma: Inflammation Flashcards
if inflammation involves lymphocytes mainly coming out of blood flow and into interstitial space, it is what type? what about if it’s mostly neutrophils?
chronic; acute
What are the two things that characterize acute inflammation?
edema (white space between cells indicating fluid buildup) and neutrophils (multilobate cells)
inflammation arises in response to two stimuli
infection or tissue necrosis; (unlike apoptosis, necrosis is followed by inflammation)
acute inflammatory response is a +++ response with +++ specificity. what type of immunity is it in?
immediate, limited
innate
TLRs
present on cells of innate immune system (macrophages and dendritic cells) – recognize PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular proteins)
eg.
CD14 (on macrophages) recognizes LPS on outer membrane of GN bacteria
it is also on innate immune cells, so important for chronic inflammation
What does TLR activation result in?
upregulation of NF kappa B, which turns on immune response genes
What are the factors acute inflammation is mediated by?
TLRs
AA
mast cells
complement
Who releases Arachidonic Acid? What are the two pathways?
phospholipase A2 in phospholipid membrane
cyclooxygenase pathway: produces prostaglandins, which allow for arteriole vasodilation and increases vascular permeability at post capillary venule
5-lipooxygenase: produces leukotrienes
bronchospasm, vasoconstriction, increase vascular permeability (all examples of constriction of smooth muscle)
how are mast cells activated? (3 ways)
tissue trauma, complement proteins C3a and C5a, and cross-linking of surface IgE by antigen
result of mast cell activation?
IMMEDIATE
dumping of preformed histamine granules
increase vascular permeability
DELAYED
AA metabolites – leukotrienes
classical pathway refers to what? what is the alternative pathway?
GM makes classic cars
C1 (complement protein) binds IgG or IgM that is bound to antigen, one method of activating complement protein
