Pathoma

Question 1

What does a follicle consist of?

Answer 1

Follicle is the functional unit of the ovary. Consists of an oocyte and
Granulosa cells–produce Estrogen (estradiol)
Theca cells–produce Androgen

Question 2

What happens to the follicle after ovulation?

Answer 2

Follicle ruptures and releases the oocyte. The remnant follicle becomes the corpus luteum. which dies in 14 days unless it is rescued by bHCG produced by the implanted placenta (syncytotrophoblasts)

Question 3

What is the main function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 3

secretes progesterone.

Progesterone stabilizes endometrial growth and allows for implantation. Thicken cervical mucus.

Question 4

An obese young woman presents with hirsutism, and diabetes type II complaining of oligomenorrhea. What is the endocrine abnormality is the basis of her condition?

Answer 4

PCOS–High LH and low FSH ( because of feedback from high levels of estrogen)–low FSH leads to follicular degeneration and this cysts in ovary.
High adipose levels further leads to high estrogen (estrone) component.

Question 5

What is a typical associated malignancy with PCOS?

Answer 5

endometrial carcinoma bc of unopposed circulating estrogen

Question 6

What are the two effects of insulin which exaggerate PCOS?

Answer 6

1. increases androgen production from theca cells (which then converted to estrone–in obese ppl especially)
2. insulin/androgens decrease SGBP from liver thus there are more free sex hormones in circulation (increased estrogens)

Question 7

What are the three cell types that make up the ovary?

Answer 7

surface epithelium, germ cells, sex cord stromal cells