First Aid-Pathology Flashcards
Woman presents with post-coital vaginal bleeding. This condition, seen in less in the US bc of routine pap smears, is associated with what infection?
Cervical Carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma). With HPV 16 and 18 (high risk HPV). Most often in Transition Zone (squamocolumnar junction)
How do HPV 16 and 18 induce immortal carcinogenic cells?
2 protiens:
1. E6- inhibits p53
2. E7- inhibits Rb gene
p53 and Rb allow cells to pass from G1–>S
What are the typical cells seen in histology for cervical cancer?
Koilocytes (with HPV), “fried egg appearance” raisinlike nucelus and perinuclear halo
A 26 year old woman, just delivered, but now presents with endometritis. what is the likely cause?
retained products from conception promotes infection by bacterial flora from vagina or intestinal tract.
treat: gentamicin/clindamycin
Chocolate cyst finding in ovary. This condition typically presents with what type of symptoms?
Endometriosis–Ectopic endometrial tissue (in ovary, pelvis, peritoneum)
Presents with cyclic pain, cyclic bleeding, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea.
Endometriosis increases risk for ectopic pregnancy how?
when the ectopic tissue appears in the fallopian tube the normal ciliated cells are replaced by scarring and fibrotic tissue disrupting the normal process of oocytes movement.
Adenomyosis
Endometriosis into the uterine myometrium.
Presents with dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea.
Endometrial hyperplasia is generally due to what?
excess estrogen stimulation.
presents as post menopausal vaginal bleeding
what do nulliparity, late menopause, early menarche, obesity, older birth control pills have in common and what condition are they all risk factors for?
Increase systemic estrogen exposure and can lead to Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma.
Patient presents with severe iron deficiency anemia, (age 20-40), histology shows whirled pattern of smooth muscle.
Fibroids (leiomyoma), can often be multiple, and are benign, but severe bleeding can lead to anemia.
Why do ovarian tumors have such a bad prognosis?
because they are usually caught late.
Obese female with type II diabetes presents with anovulation.
PCOS (look at pathoma)
Clomiphene is used to treat PCOS, how does it do this?
Clomiphene is a partial agonist of estrogen receptor thus it competes with estrogen for the feedback receptor and decreases negative feedback, consequently increasing FSH.
(first aid says decreasing FSH and LH)
What is a krukenberg tumor?
Metastasis from gastric carcinoma (diffuse type-linitis plastica)
adenocarcinoma of both ovaries, presents with signet ring cells on histology
Ovarian Cysts
Too lazy, look in first aid.
