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Gastroenterology > Pathololgy > Flashcards

Pathololgy Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia increases risk for what cancer

A

squamous cells carcinoma

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2
Q

Gene in Wilson disease

A

ATP7B

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3
Q

Lynch syndrome associated with what genetic defect

A

DNA mismatch repair w/ subsequent microsatellite instability

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4
Q

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

A

subcutaneous periumbilical mets from stomach

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5
Q

Nutmeg liver typically associated with what

A

HF

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6
Q

pancreatic adenocarcinoma arises from what pancreatic cells

A

pancreatic ducts

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7
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum: true or false diverticulum

A

false

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8
Q

obstructive jaundice with palpable non-tender gallbladder suggests what disease

A

pancreatic CA

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9
Q

Crohn’s or UC: loss of haustra

A

UC

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10
Q

Arsenic and vinyl chloride exposure increases risk of what

A

hepatic angiosarcoma

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11
Q

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency effects on liver

A

PAS + globules 2/2 protein aggregates in hepatocellular ER

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12
Q

Secondary cause of hemochromatosis

A

chronic transfusion therapy (e.g. beta-thal)

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13
Q

What’s intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma

A

H pylori associated, ulcer with raised margins

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13
Q

Lactase deficiency on light microscopy

A

normal

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13
Q

Hirschsprung disease associated with what chromosomal abnormality

A

Down syndrome

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13
Q

What’s 3-2-1 rule of Lynch syndrome

A

3 relatives with Lynch-associated CA

2 generations

1 diagnosed before age 50

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13
Q

Aspergillus aflatoxin associated with what disease

A

HCC

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13
Q

Gene in hemochromatosis

A

HFE

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13
Q

Most common type of gallstrone

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

Serum abnormalities leading to pancreatitis

A

Elevated Ca

Elevated TG

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13
Q

1 modifiable risk factor for pancreatic CA

A

tobacco

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14
Q

Which has more malignant potential: tubular or villous polyp

A

villous

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16
Q

Amylase and lipase in chronic pancreatitis

A

not necessarily elevated

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17
Q

What’s Rotor syndrome

A

milder conjugated hyperbilirubinemia without black liver

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18
Q

primary infectious cause of cholecystitis

A

CMV

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19
Q

Wilson disease treatment

A

Chelation with penicillamine or trientine

Oral Zinc

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20
Q

KRAS mutation associated with what step in development of CRC

A

colon at risk –> adenoma

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22
Q

Most common benign salivary gland tumor

A

pleomorphic adenoma

23
Q

Hepatic enceophalopathy treatment

A

lactulose and rifaximin

25
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

bilateral mets to ovaries from signet ring type of stomach cancer

26
Q

p53, DCC mutation associated with what step in development of CRC

A

adenoma –> carcinoma

27
Q

What’s Gardner syndrome

A

FAP + bone, soft tissue, and teeth abnormalities

28
Q

Lucency of cholesterol stones on US

A

radiolucent with 10-20% opaque 2/2 calcifications

29
Q

Iron studies in hemochromatosis

A

increased ferritin

increased iron

decreased TIBC

30
Q

Diagnose the esophagitis:

White pseudomembrane:

Punched out ulcers:

Linear ulcers:

A

White pseudomembrane: candida

Punched out ulcers: HSV-1

Linear ulcers: CMV

31
Q

What’s Gilbert syndrome

A

mildly decresed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase –> occasional jaundice with no clinical consequences

32
Q

What predisposes you to gallstones: increased or decreased bile salts

A

decreased bile salts

33
Q

Are the diverticuli in diverticulosis true or false

A

false

34
Q

What type of stomach cancer:

not associated with H pylori, signet ring cells, linitis plastica

A

diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

35
Q

Serum marker in Wilson’s disease

A

decreased ceruloplasmin

36
Q

Type of volvulus:

Kids:

Elderly:

A

Kids: midgut

elderly: sigmoid

37
Q

Mallory bodies associated with what

A

alcoholic hepatits

38
Q

What’s a Virchow node

A

left supraclavicular LN mets from stomach

39
Q

Lining of pancreatic pseudocyst

A

granulation tissue

40
Q

What vitamins are fat soluble

A

ADEK

41
Q

Crohn’s or UC: Th1 mediated

A

Crohn’s

42
Q

Alternating strictures and dilations of bile ducts on ERCP suggests

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

43
Q

Treatment for neonatal jaundice

A

phototherapy

44
Q

Hirschsprung disease associated with what gene

A

RET

46
Q

Plummer Vinson syndrome triad

A

dysphagia

iron deficiency anemia

esophageal webs

47
Q

What’s Turcot syndrome

A

FAP + malignant CNS tumor

49
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis associated with what GI disease

A

Celiac

51
Q

Cause of physiologic neonatal jaundice

A

immature UDP-guluronosyl-transferase

52
Q

Saw tooth pattern of crypts on polyp biopsy suggests what kind of polyp

A

serrated

53
Q

What’s Dubin Johnson syndrome

A

conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 2/2 defective excretion

“black liver”

54
Q

Two types of pigment stones and their lucency

A

black: Ca bilirubinate and hemolysis, radiopaque
brown: infection, radiolucent

55
Q

Most common cause of appendicitis

Kids:

Adults:

A

Kids: lymphoid hyperplasia

Adults: fecalith

56
Q

What’s Reye syndrome

A

hepatic encephalopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities associated with viral infection treated with aspirin

57
Q

Most common malignant salivary gland tumor

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

58
Q

Ladd bands associated with what fetal anomoly

A

gut malrotation

59
Q

What’s a Cushing ulcer

A

Brain injury –> vagal stimulation –> more ACh –> more stomach acid production

60
Q

most specific tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

61
Q

Dysphagia interpretation:

Solids only:

Solids and liquids:

A

Solids only: obstruction

Solids and liquids: achalasia

62
Q

Sclerosing cholangitis associated with what gut disease

A

UC

63
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis suggests what disease

A

pancreatic cancer

64
Q

Genetic mutation in FAP

A

APC

66
Q

What’s Menetrier’s disease

A

hyperplasia of gastric mucosa

Excess mucus production, decreased acid production, looks like brain gyri

67
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum involves herniation through Killian triangle. What is that?

A

thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

68
Q

What’s Crigler Najjar type 1

A

absent UDP-glucuonosyltransferase

Gastroenterology (4 decks)

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