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Pathololgy Flashcards

1
Q

Achalasia increases risk for what cancer

A

squamous cells carcinoma

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2
Q

Gene in Wilson disease

A

ATP7B

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3
Q

Lynch syndrome associated with what genetic defect

A

DNA mismatch repair w/ subsequent microsatellite instability

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4
Q

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

A

subcutaneous periumbilical mets from stomach

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5
Q

Nutmeg liver typically associated with what

A

HF

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6
Q

pancreatic adenocarcinoma arises from what pancreatic cells

A

pancreatic ducts

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7
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum: true or false diverticulum

A

false

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8
Q

obstructive jaundice with palpable non-tender gallbladder suggests what disease

A

pancreatic CA

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9
Q

Crohn’s or UC: loss of haustra

A

UC

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10
Q

Arsenic and vinyl chloride exposure increases risk of what

A

hepatic angiosarcoma

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11
Q

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency effects on liver

A

PAS + globules 2/2 protein aggregates in hepatocellular ER

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12
Q

Secondary cause of hemochromatosis

A

chronic transfusion therapy (e.g. beta-thal)

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13
Q

What’s intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma

A

H pylori associated, ulcer with raised margins

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13
Q

Lactase deficiency on light microscopy

A

normal

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13
Q

Hirschsprung disease associated with what chromosomal abnormality

A

Down syndrome

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13
Q

What’s 3-2-1 rule of Lynch syndrome

A

3 relatives with Lynch-associated CA

2 generations

1 diagnosed before age 50

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13
Q

Aspergillus aflatoxin associated with what disease

A

HCC

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13
Q

Gene in hemochromatosis

A

HFE

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13
Q

Most common type of gallstrone

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

Serum abnormalities leading to pancreatitis

A

Elevated Ca

Elevated TG

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13
Q

1 modifiable risk factor for pancreatic CA

A

tobacco

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14
Q

Which has more malignant potential: tubular or villous polyp

A

villous

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16
Q

Amylase and lipase in chronic pancreatitis

A

not necessarily elevated

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17
Q

What’s Rotor syndrome

A

milder conjugated hyperbilirubinemia without black liver

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18
primary infectious cause of cholecystitis
CMV
19
Wilson disease treatment
Chelation with penicillamine or trientine Oral Zinc
20
KRAS mutation associated with what step in development of CRC
colon at risk --\> adenoma
22
Most common benign salivary gland tumor
pleomorphic adenoma
23
Hepatic enceophalopathy treatment
lactulose and rifaximin
25
Krukenberg tumor
bilateral mets to ovaries from signet ring type of stomach cancer
26
p53, DCC mutation associated with what step in development of CRC
adenoma --\> carcinoma
27
What's Gardner syndrome
FAP + bone, soft tissue, and teeth abnormalities
28
Lucency of cholesterol stones on US
radiolucent with 10-20% opaque 2/2 calcifications
29
Iron studies in hemochromatosis
increased ferritin increased iron decreased TIBC
30
Diagnose the esophagitis: White pseudomembrane: Punched out ulcers: Linear ulcers:
White pseudomembrane: candida Punched out ulcers: HSV-1 Linear ulcers: CMV
31
What's Gilbert syndrome
mildly decresed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase --\> occasional jaundice with no clinical consequences
32
What predisposes you to gallstones: increased or decreased bile salts
decreased bile salts
33
Are the diverticuli in diverticulosis true or false
false
34
What type of stomach cancer: not associated with H pylori, signet ring cells, linitis plastica
diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma
35
Serum marker in Wilson's disease
decreased ceruloplasmin
36
Type of volvulus: Kids: Elderly:
Kids: midgut elderly: sigmoid
37
Mallory bodies associated with what
alcoholic hepatits
38
What's a Virchow node
left supraclavicular LN mets from stomach
39
Lining of pancreatic pseudocyst
granulation tissue
40
What vitamins are fat soluble
ADEK
41
Crohn's or UC: Th1 mediated
Crohn's
42
Alternating strictures and dilations of bile ducts on ERCP suggests
primary sclerosing cholangitis
43
Treatment for neonatal jaundice
phototherapy
44
Hirschsprung disease associated with what gene
RET
46
Plummer Vinson syndrome triad
dysphagia iron deficiency anemia esophageal webs
47
What's Turcot syndrome
FAP + malignant CNS tumor
49
dermatitis herpetiformis associated with what GI disease
Celiac
51
Cause of physiologic neonatal jaundice
immature UDP-guluronosyl-transferase
52
Saw tooth pattern of crypts on polyp biopsy suggests what kind of polyp
serrated
53
What's Dubin Johnson syndrome
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 2/2 defective excretion "black liver"
54
Two types of pigment stones and their lucency
black: Ca bilirubinate and hemolysis, radiopaque brown: infection, radiolucent
55
Most common cause of appendicitis Kids: Adults:
Kids: lymphoid hyperplasia Adults: fecalith
56
What's Reye syndrome
hepatic encephalopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities associated with viral infection treated with aspirin
57
Most common malignant salivary gland tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
58
Ladd bands associated with what fetal anomoly
gut malrotation
59
What's a Cushing ulcer
Brain injury --\> vagal stimulation --\> more ACh --\> more stomach acid production
60
most specific tumor marker for pancreatic cancer
CA 19-9
61
Dysphagia interpretation: Solids only: Solids and liquids:
Solids only: obstruction Solids and liquids: achalasia
62
Sclerosing cholangitis associated with what gut disease
UC
63
Migratory thrombophlebitis suggests what disease
pancreatic cancer
64
Genetic mutation in FAP
APC
66
What's Menetrier's disease
hyperplasia of gastric mucosa Excess mucus production, decreased acid production, looks like brain gyri
67
Zenker's diverticulum involves herniation through Killian triangle. What is that?
thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of inferior pharyngeal constrictor
68
What's Crigler Najjar type 1
absent UDP-glucuonosyltransferase

Gastroenterology (4 decks)

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