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OQ Review > Pathology & Tumors > Flashcards

Pathology & Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Angle recession

A

A tear between the longitudinal and Circular fibers of the ciliary muscle | Rupture of the face of the ciliary body

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2
Q

Cyclodialysis

A

Disinsertion of the longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body from the scleral spur

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3
Q

Thickness of choroid

A
  1. 25 mm Posterior pole

0. 10 to 0.15 mm Anterior and peripheral

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4
Q

Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses

A

Leser-Trelat sign - May indicate the presence of cancer, G.I. adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Hereditary disease with multiple sebaceous adenoma’s

A

Muir-Torre - Multiple sebaceous neoplasms In conjunction with a visceral malignancy (G.I. or GU)

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6
Q

Colloidal iron stains

A

Glycosaminoglycans blue (macular corneal dystrophy) dame as Alcian blue

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7
Q

Scleritis frequently occurs in this condition resulting in zonal inflammatory reaction of histiocytes and lymphocytes

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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8
Q

COMS large melanoma trial conclusion

A

Compared enucleation alone Versus external beam radiation therapy after enucleation = radiotherapy does not impact overall survival

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9
Q

COMS medium melanoma conclusion

A

Enucleation versus iodine 125 brachytherapy = all cause mortality and Mets equal at 5 years

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10
Q

COMS small melanoma trial conclusions

A

Melanoma specific mortality at 5 years = 1%

Growth with thicker, orange pigmentation without Drusen or with “hot spots”/hyperfluoresence on FA

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11
Q

Project and synapse in the LGN

A

Ganglion cell layer

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12
Q

Peter’s anomaly Associations

A

> 50% systemic, >50% B/L - axenfeld-Rieger, congenital Bella, MLS, Pfieffer, Kivlin, trisomy 13-15,

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13
Q

PAM with atypical risk of progression

A

50% chance of transforming to malignant melanoma

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14
Q

NF 2 associated ON lesion

A

ON meningioma

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15
Q

Histopathology of a neurofibroma

A

Spindle shapes cells within dermis - seen in NF type 1 or 2

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16
Q

80% cases of sclerocornea

A

Cornea plana (AR most severe but half are sporadic)

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17
Q

Origin of: Corneal stroma, corneal endothelium, iris stroma, sclera

A

Neural crest

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18
Q

Origin of corneal epithelium, lacrimal system, lens

A

Surface ectoderm

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19
Q

Origin of iris pigmented epithelium, nonpigmented epithelium, iris sphincter/dilator, RPE, neuroretina, optic nerve

A

Neuroectoderm (RPE is only pigmented tissue not from neural crest)

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20
Q

Origin of temporal portion of sclera and fibers of extra-ocular muscles

A

Mesoderm

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21
Q

Origin of most of iris (sphincter, dilator, stroma), EOM fibers, temporal sclera, vascular endothelium, vitreous

A

Mesoderm

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22
Q

FA shows slow filling of lesion with pooling of dye in upper part of vascular space.

A

Retinal cavernous hemangioma

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23
Q

FA shows rapid AV phase with massive leakage of due into tumor

A

Capillary hemangioma

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24
Q

“Iron filings” deposits on anterior lens capsule

A

Pseudoexfoliation

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25
Q

DDx for retained lens nucleus

A

Trisomy 13
Rubella
Lowe

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26
Q

M/c presenting signs with Rb <5 yo

A

Leukocoria + strabismus

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27
Q

M/c presenting signs with Rb > 5 yo

A

Leukocoria and decreased vision

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28
Q

Non-ocular tumors in Rb survivors outside field of radiation

A

Osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma

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29
Q

Non-ocular tumors in Rb survivors that arise within field of radiation

A

Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

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30
Q

Middle aged Caucasian woman Presenting with unilateral glaucoma ,with slightly irregular

A

ICE syndrome

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31
Q

Features of choroidal metastasis

A

Flat and ill-defined
Yellow white to gray yellow
Leopard spotting pattern - Overlying RPE changes

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32
Q

Redundant peri-Umbilical skin

A

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome

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33
Q

Sunflower cataract

A

Wilson disease

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34
Q

Common ocular finding in patients with chronic uveitis from JIA

A

Band keratopathy

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35
Q

Most common cause of vision loss in JIA

A

Cystoid macular Edema

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36
Q

Most choroidal melanotic tumors that are melanomas are greater than this thickness

A

3 mm

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37
Q

Risk factors for choroidal lesion being a melanoma

A 
Hotspots on fluorescein angiography
Orange pigment
Large size
Juxtapapillary location 
Absence of drusen/RPE changes
Homogeneity on ultrasound
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38
Q

A patient with multiple basal cell carcinoma is at risk for

A

Basal cell nevus syndrome - medulloblastoma or fibrosarcoma

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39
Q

Cowden disease

A

Multiple trichilemmomas: breast cancer + Fibrous hamartomas of the G.I. tract, thyroid, breast

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40
Q

BIGH3 gene (TGFB1 at chromosome 5q31)

A

Granular dystrophy (AD)

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41
Q

Mechanism of PSC cataract

A

Posterior migration of lens Epithelial cells from equator, swell to 5x size = bladder or Wedl cells

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42
Q

Prognostic info about eye survival in RN

A

Reese Ellsworth classification

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43
Q

Schwannoma Association

A

NF2>NF1

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44
Q

25 yo Nevus flammeus and elevated IOP

A

Sturge-Weber

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45
Q

Cerebellar and renal hemangioblastomas

A

Von Hippel Lindau

46
Q

21 yo seizures, red patches on face, rough skin patches on back

A

Tuberous sclerosis

47
Q

Describe ciliary body epithelium

A

2 layers - inner nonpigmented layer (faves posterior chamber) and outer pigmented layer (faves ciliary muscle). Corresponds to retina layers is RPE

48
Q

Protein responsible in TGFB1 mutations

A

Keratoepithelin

49
Q

TGFB1 corneal dystrophies

A 
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy 
Reis- Buckler 
Thiel-Behnke 
Lattice types 1 and 3 
Granular types 1 and 2 (avellino)
50
Q

Curly fibers on EM

A

Thiel-Behnke (TBCD)

51
Q

Uveal tract attaches to sclera at 3 points

A

Sclera spur
Internal openings of vortex veins (internal ostia)
Peripapillary tissue

52
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Vogt-Koyanagi (VKH) disease

53
Q

HLA-DR2

A

Pars planitis

54
Q

HLA-B51

A

Bechets

55
Q

HLA-A29

A

Birdshot chorioretinitis

56
Q

Glial cells

A

Muller cells + fibrous astrocytes (retinal scar formation after laser)

57
Q

Dense black clumps in retinal scars result from..

A

RPE cells undergo fibrous metaplasia

58
Q

Pseudo Roth spot

A

Retinal lesion in leukemia - White centered hemorrhages (Most common clinical sign in leukemia)

59
Q

Consists of most newly formed lens fibers

A

Cortex

60
Q

Thickness of anterior and posterior lens capsules

A

12–21 µm

2–9 µm

61
Q

PITX2 gene

A

Axenfeld-rieger

62
Q

AD, glaucoma in 50% of cases

A

Axenfeld Rieger

63
Q

Adenfeld anomaly versus Axenfeld syndrome

A

Schwalbe’s line Is anteriorly displaced

Syndrome - Trabecular meshwork abnormalities and glaucoma

64
Q

KRT3 or KRT12

A

Meesmans corneal dystrophy - epithelium and basement membrane

65
Q

CD45

A

Lymphocyte marker

66
Q

Redundant epithelial basement membrane and encysted Degenerated epithelial cells

A

Anterior basement membrane dystrophy - Map – dot – fingerprint

67
Q

Rosenthal fibers found in

A

Optic nerve glioma (Degenerating eosinophilic filaments)

68
Q

Psammoma body

A

ON meningioma and pituitary prolactinoma

69
Q

ICK is Caused by

A

Streptococcus viridans

70
Q

Remnant of the hyaloid artery Of the primary vitreous at its site of attachment

A

Mittendorf dot
Tunica vasculosa lentis
Infero nasal

71
Q

Indicate subsequent invasive melanoma and 75 to 90 percent of Patients

A

Pagetoid spread or full thickness epithelial involvement

72
Q

Most common ocular tumor to spread to the eye via direct extension

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

73
Q

Type two hypersensitivity reaction to the basement membrane With predominance of mature, differentiated B Lymphocytes or plasma cells with scattered lymphocytes

A

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid

74
Q

Most frequent location of iris melanomas

A

75% Inferior or inferotemporal

75
Q

Cause sectoral cataract

A

Iris melanoma

76
Q

Location of most common ocular manifestation of sarcoidosis

A

Uveal tract (Iris)

77
Q

Staghorn shaped blood channels

A

Hemangiopericytoma

78
Q

Age at presentation with known Rb FHx

A

8 months

(Bilateral 12 mo)

(Unilateral 24)

79
Q

IL- 6

A

Inflammatory response

80
Q

IL-10

A

Elevated in neoplastic response

81
Q

Tumor of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium

A

Medulloepithelioma

82
Q

Occurs in 25% of patient’s with NF-1

A

Plexiform neurofibroma

83
Q

Occurs with blood in AC + elevated IOP x > 48 hours

A

Blood staining

84
Q

Layers of descemet membrane

A

Anterior banded. Posterior non-banded

85
Q

How is descemet membrane produced?

A

Endothelium

86
Q

Distinguishes neovascular AMD from choroidal osteoma

A

High amplitude echo on ultrasound 2/2 calcification. Benign bony tumor near ON, may have choroidal neovascularization near macula

87
Q

Orange yellow with pseudopod margins

A

Choroidal osteoma

88
Q

Tertiary vitreous

A

Zonular fibers

89
Q

Conjunctival melanoma most commonly metastasizes to ..

A

Head and neck LN (submandibular pre-auricular)

90
Q

Uveal melanoma m/c first metastasize to

A

Liver

91
Q

Granulomatois inflammation with co-existing chronic sinusitis and saddle nose deformity.

A

GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis

92
Q

Liquified lens cortical material

A

Morgagnian cataract

93
Q

Common etiology of PAS

A

NVA - ie CRVO (35% incidence of NVI/NVA at 3 years in non-perfused and 10% in perfused)

94
Q

Pigmented lesion of palpebral conjunctiva

A

Most likely malignant

95
Q

Divides lacrimal gland into palpebral and orbital portion.

A

Aponeurosis of levator palpebral superioris, always bx superotemporal portion to avoid lacrimal excretory ducts in palpebral portion.

96
Q

M/c ocular involvement of sarcoidosis

A

Uveal tract
Anterior - iris (koeppe, busacca, Berlin nodules)
Posterior - chorioretinitis, periphlebitis (“candle wax dripping”) chorioretinal nodules

97
Q

M/c orbital involvement of sarcoid

A

Lacrimal gland

98
Q

Association of limbal dermoid

A

Goldenhar syndrome

99
Q

Keratoconus association

A

Marfans

100
Q

Histo findings in keratoconus

A

Breaks in bowman membrane 2/2 bowing of cornea

Hydrops- scrolling of DM

101
Q

Location dot-blot

A

Inner nuclear, outer nuclear, inner plexiform

102
Q

Complication is IOL made of PMMA

A

❄️ degeneration

103
Q

Complication of IOLs made of hydrogel

A

Calcification

104
Q

Complication of hydrophobic lens

A

Glistenings

105
Q

Complication of silicone based IOL after posterior YAG capsulotomy

A

Calcium oxalate from asteroid hyalosis

106
Q

Systemic manifestation of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome

A

Hypodontia
Redundant periumbilical skin
Maxillary hypoplasia
Hyposoadias

107
Q

Aniridia

A

Wilms tumor

108
Q

Preauricular skin tags

A

Goldenhar syndrome

109
Q

Absence of greater sphenoid

A

Neurofibromatosis

110
Q

Normal population of melanocytes in basal layer (number)

A

Every 5th-10th cell

OQ Review (9 decks)

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