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Pathology Semester 1 > Pathology Semester 1 > Flashcards

Pathology Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney in incorrect anatomical position or horse-shoe shaped

A

ectopic kidney or fused kidney

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2
Q

smaller kidney, few nephrons

A

kidney hypoplasia

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3
Q

hydroureter with primitive kidney

A

kidney dysplasia

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4
Q

young animal with idiopathic kidney disease, pink lumen fluid on histo

A

familial nephropathy

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5
Q

diffuse/mf fluid filled yellow ‘bubbles’ on kidney

A

polycystic renal disease

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6
Q

tubular function abnormalities

A

fanconis/diabetes insipidus

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7
Q

dappled, haemorrhagic parenchyma of kidney

A

septicaemic haemorrhage/DIC

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8
Q

coagulative necrosis of renal parenchyma, wedge shaped pale region. Histo congested RBC in tissue w/ few inflamm cells

A

renal infarct

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9
Q

mf green-black areas of kidney medulla

A

papillary necrosis 2* to NSAIDs

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10
Q

mf/diffuse ischaemic lesions mainly in PCT (not DCT) degenerate tubules, creamy-white greyish areas in cortex

A

acute tubular necrosis (a type of cortical ischaemia)

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11
Q

necrotising daamge mf to diffuse of PCT and DCT with whole areas of necrosis and lack of cellular detail in glomerulus

A

renal cortical necrosis

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12
Q

dark-red-black cortices of kidney

A

renal necrosis due to endogenous toxins (haemoglobin, myoglobin).

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13
Q

swollen, greasy, waxy, pale tan kidney

A

amyloidosis

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14
Q

renal pelvis expanded

A

hydronephrosis

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15
Q

mineralised base membrane of tubules, basophilic deposits, highlighted with von kossa stain

A

hypercalcaemic nephropathy

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16
Q

immune mediated, acutely enlarged, chronically smaller kidneys. Small, firm, hard depressions when chronic

A

glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

necrogranulomatous hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia. enlarged, pale brown kidneys with petechieal haemorrhages. skin petechiea too.

A

PWMWS (form of glomerulonephritis)

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18
Q

swollen, reddened, kidneys with luminal black squiggly lines

A

leptospirosis (form of tubulointerstitial nephritis

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19
Q

white spotted kidney (especially in cattle) resultant from pyogenic organisms

A

suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis

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20
Q

multifocal granulomatous kidney lesions resultant from FIP. pale yellow cortex.

A

(pyo)granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis

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21
Q

raised areas with increased cellular material in pelvis of kidney

A

pyelonephritis

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22
Q

thick walled multifocal pale cream small spotted lesions of kidney sometimes granulomatous nephritis involved

A

toxocara (ascarid) larvae

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23
Q

large worms filling renal parenchyma, not UK.

A

Dioctophyma renale

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24
Q

red, swollen, yellow/white striated cortex of kidney

A

oxalate damage from ethylene glycol

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25
Q

undulating cortex of kidney, red ‘swirled’ pattern.

A

CHV infection of puppies

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26
Q

multifocal small circular depressions of kidney with pale brown colour of parenchyma with basophilic histo accumulations

A

nephrocalcinosis

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27
Q

white/cream circular nodule focal mass in kidney parenchyma

A

granulomatous nephritis with mycobacteria

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28
Q

soft, squidgy, creamy white areas and poor edges. sometimes petechial damage to gut and endorcardium

A

pulpy kidney disease - Clostridium perfringens type D

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29
Q

epithelial benign tumour of kidney

A

adenoma

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30
Q

epithelial malignant tumour of kidney

A

adenocarcinoma

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31
Q

focally extensive, creamy white to mottled red, multinodular mass firmish in kidney with tubular histo cells

A

adenocarcinoma

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32
Q

indented renal profile, multifocal masses extending from capsular surface into medulla, mainly firm. common neoplasia in cats

A

lymphosarcoma

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33
Q

female dog dripping urine, distended ureters, radiograph diagnosis

A

ectopic ureters

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34
Q

constant urine dribble from navel

A

patent urachus

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35
Q

RTA common result to lower urinary tract

A

cystorrhexis

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36
Q

radiopaque RG lesions in lower urinary tract

A

urolithiasis

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37
Q

catarrhal haemorrhagic necrosis of bladder

A

due to acute cystitis

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38
Q

polyploid follicular circular lesions with redenned periphery

A

chronic cystitis

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39
Q

bladder tumours with ulceration and raised multifocal to coalescing grey lesions, squamous metaplasia

A

enzootic haematuria cattle

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40
Q

giant breed dogs, haematuria, multinodular, haemorrhagic mass near bladder tissue.

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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41
Q

benign, epithelial, bladder mucosa mass

A

transitional cell papilloma

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42
Q

nodular, ulcerated, locally invasive bladder mass

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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43
Q

nodule/plaque haemorrhagic mass of bladder mucosa, highly invasive and metastatic, common in dogs, rare in cats. occurs at trigone.

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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44
Q

kidney white medulla, fibrous medulla and cortex, chronic inflammatory cell invasion

A

chronic renal failure

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45
Q

aspiration of food, dribbling of food down nose

A

cleft palate

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46
Q

nodular lesions in airways due to chronic inflm

A

polyps

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47
Q

hyperaemic mucosa of URT, serous then catarrhal exudate, grey tacky exudate. commonly 2* bacterial infection

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

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48
Q

nasopharyngeal mucosa serous exudate, then purulent exudate. lymphadenopathy.

A

streptococcus equi var equi

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49
Q

porcine turbinate reduction, atrophy and distortion of turbinates

A

atrophic rhinits in pigs due to Pasteurella multocida

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50
Q

fibrinonecrotic/granulomatous nasal bone lysing lesions, fluffy, green to cream nodular mucosa.

A

aspergillus fumigates

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51
Q

dorsal flattening of cartilage rings in trachea

A

tracheal collapse

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52
Q

hyperaemia of mucosa mf to coalescing in larynx or trachea, various exudates

A

laryngitis/tracheitis

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53
Q

ulceration of larynx and regional lymph nodes due to invasion after oral damage during worming of calves

A

calf diptheria, fusobacteriium necrophorum

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54
Q

multifocal nodules of parasites at tracheal bifurcation in dogs (Africa/E. Europe)

A

filaroides osleri

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55
Q

bronchiole gland hyperplasia, metaplasia, goblet hyperplasia, increase mucus production. mucupurulent viscous exudate. thickened mucosa

A

chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis

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56
Q

obstruction of lumen with exudate and necrosis of bronchial wall, permanent dilation to bronchus

A

bronchietcesis

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57
Q

cattle, lumen full of worms, lymphoid enlargement, mucus production increase, collapse of airways, darker red multifocal lung tissue, wont float

A

dictyocaulus viviparus

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58
Q

mucopurulent exudate strings in equine trachea, asthma-like breathing, bronchioles full with inflamm cells, collagen and sm in interstitium

A

'’heaves’‘/RAO

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59
Q

grey-black cells in the lung

A

congenital melanosis

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60
Q

incomplete distension of the lung

A

atelectasis

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61
Q

normal lobules next to sunken, deeply redenned collapsed areas of the lung

A

atelectassiis

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62
Q

cranial lung lobes commonly, pale pink areas of lung lobules, dilated, raised, soft, spongy, crepitus.

A

emphysema

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63
Q

sectioned lung tissue oozes, bubbly fluid. pale pink homogenous material diffusely present throughout alveoli

A

pulmonary oedema

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64
Q

focally extensive dark red, friable lung tissue

A

pulmonary embolism

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65
Q

cattle vena cava thrombosis, right sided heart embolism, pulmonary embolism

A

pulmonary thrombo-embolism

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66
Q

areas of blue grey haemorrage in lungs, when cut into is red-brown. caudo-dorsal distribution

A

pulmonary haemorrhage

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67
Q

epistaxis of racehorses, tracheal multifocal haemorrhages, occasional acute fatalities

A

exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage

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68
Q

cranio-ventral, bilateral firm to hard, depressed lung tissue dark red to grey

A

bronchopneumonia

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69
Q

purulent/mucupurulent exudate in lobules

A

suppurative bronchopneumonia

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70
Q

fibrinous exudate spreading between lobules

A

fibrinous bronchopneumonia

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71
Q

damage to cilia in pigs, allowing colonisation of lower alveoli

A

mycoplasmia enzootic pneumonia (suppurative bronchopneumonia)

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72
Q

focally extensive, red-black mottled dense-firm areas of adhesion between lung lobes. yellow tan tachy material on pleural surface of lungs

A

bacterial mannheimia haemolytica fibrinous bronchopneumonia.

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73
Q

dorsocaudal lung tissue fibrinous tissue

A

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

74
Q

lower resp tract, fibrin release and fibrinous bronchopneumonia in lungs of cattle

A

Mannheimia haemolytica - shipping fever - bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

75
Q

diffuse, dense, rubbery, elastic, rib impressioned lungs mottled red-grey colour

A

interstitial pneumonia

76
Q

tryptophan toxin interstitial pneumonia

A

fog fever

77
Q

green-cream nodules in lungs, raised surface, firmer than surrounding tissue, purulent discharge on expressing. random disseminating foci.

A

embolic pneumonia

78
Q

multifocal, tan dense lung tissue with multifocal haemorrhages and normal pink areas too

A

granulomatous pneumonia

79
Q

housed animals, multicentric bronchioalveolar nodules, proliferating type 2 pneumocytes

A

pulmonary adenomatosis (jaaksiekte)

80
Q

radioluscent lung fields in pleural space

A

pneumothorax

81
Q

pigs, pericarditis and pleuritis, inflm of pleural space, fibrinous adhesions btw pleural surface

A

glasser’s disease – haemophilus parasuis

82
Q

multinodular aggressive tumour in mediastinum

A

mesothelioma

83
Q

enlarged LN, cerebroid appearance

A

lymphoma in LN

84
Q

organomegaly, multiple tan-white to pink nodules

A

lymphoma common in spleen

85
Q

most common canine haematopoetic tumour – multicentric LN enlargement, hypercalcaemia. can be splenic, alimentary, cutaneous, thmyic

A

canine lymphoma

86
Q

alimentary (most commonly) can be multicentric, thymic white-cream mutlifocal nodules. can be mediastinal. most common neoplasia in cats

A

feline lymphoma (assoc w/ FeLV)

87
Q

multicentric, leukosis virus associated, neoplasia of cattle in LN, right atrium, abomasum, spinal canal, uterus, kidney

A

enzootic bovine lymphoma

88
Q

symmetrical lymphadenopathy, similar to enzootic in cattle

A

calf form sporadic bovine lymphoma

89
Q

thymic neoplasia, neck oedema, dyspnoea in cattle

A

juvenile form sporadic bovine lymphoma

90
Q

multifocal skin nodules in adult cattle, plaques on skin and can become systemic involvement

A

cutaneous form sporadic bovine lymphoma

91
Q

multicentric, young sows in large whites, liver/alimentary neoplasia. commonest neoplasia in pigs

A

porcine lymphoma

92
Q

smooth red nodules of muzzle skin/nose, benign mainly dogs

A

cutaneous plasmocytoma (B cell)

93
Q

GI B cell tumours more aggressive than benign form

A

extramedullary plasmacytoma

94
Q

malignant B cell tumours, commonly arise in BM. pale tan to pink gelatinous masses replacing bone.

A

plasma cell myelomas

95
Q

benign skin mass, in young dogs, spontaneously regress, focal raised nodules

A

cutaneous histiocytoma

96
Q

cutaneous and systemic form of tumour, waxing and waning, immunoregulatory disease

A

reactive histiocytoma

97
Q

malignant neoplasia, joints, subcutis, LN, spleen, liver or mulitple disseminated form.

A

histiocytic sarcoma

98
Q

specific blood-lysing form of sarcoma containing macrophages

A

haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma

99
Q

splenomegaly, nodular surface, contains mast cells on histo

A

systemic mastocytosis/visceral mast cell tumours

100
Q

staining for mastocytosis

A

toluidine blue

101
Q

enlargement of LN with no known reason

A

lymphadenopathy

102
Q

large, irregular fibrotic LN

A

lymphadenitis

103
Q

swollen LN filled with pus

A

suppurative lymphadenitis

104
Q

porcine colonisation of oral cavity/tonsils, spread to mandibular LN and abscess

A

porcine jowl abscess - streptococcus porcinus

105
Q

caseous necrotic fibrotic lymph node with concentric laminations of fibrotic tissue

A

caseous lymphadenitis – corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

106
Q

focal/multifocal white-yellow nodules, caseous necrosis/mineralisation in LN

A

bTB – granulomatous nodular lymphadenitis

107
Q

pale, dry, firm, LN with loss of architecture

A

diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis

108
Q

diffuse enlargement of mesenteric LN, young pigs

A

PMWS - PCV2

109
Q

enlarged LN with germinal centres

A

benign reactive hyperplasia

110
Q

lymph node enlargement, normal architecture effaced by abnormal cell population

A

metastatic lymph node neoplasia

111
Q

smaller, atrophic LN

A

hypoplastic LN seen in FIV (rare)

112
Q

malignant, T-cell tumour in young animal thymus

A

thymic lymphoma

113
Q

generally benign, epithelial tumour of thymus

A

thymoma

114
Q

splenomegaly, diffuse orange-beige colour.

A

splenic amyloidosis

115
Q

blue/dark red spleen swollen or flaccid

A

splenic torsion

116
Q

multifocal white foci within spleen, can see similar lesions in LN and liver

A

multifocal necrosuppurative splenitis due to francisella tularensis or yersinia pseudotuberculosis

117
Q

splenomegaly, dark coloured, engorged with viscous blood

A

septicaemic splenitis due to ASF, erysipelas, anthrax.

118
Q

nodular spleen with granulomatous lesions

A

chronic nodular granulomatous splenitis (M. avium in chicken)

119
Q

diffuse granulomatous splenitis lesions in dogs

A

diffuse granulomatous splenitis due to histoplasmosis

120
Q

grey to red nodular masses of spleen, benign

A

benign nodular hyperplasia

121
Q

single, soft, dark red, nodular mass of spleen

A

haemangioma

122
Q

most common malignant tumour of canine spleen - single to multiple discrete coalescing dark red masses with blood filled spaces and plump endothelial cells

A

haemangiosarcoma

123
Q

colourless fibrin clots in heart tissue postmortem

A

chicken fat clots

124
Q

diffuse red staining of cardiac tissue

A

haemoglobin imbibition

125
Q

crystals in crystalline deposits of endocardium

A

barbiturate euthanasia

126
Q

development of heart outside of normal position

A

ectopia cordis

127
Q

consistent connection between aorta and pulmonary artery

A

patent ductus arteriosus

128
Q

abnormal connection between two atria

A

patent foramen ovale or true septal defect

129
Q

circumfrential band of fibrous tissue at location near valve of heart

A

stenosis

130
Q

VSD, dextraposition of aorta, secondary hypertrophy of right ventricle, pulmonary stenosis

A

tetralogy of fallot

131
Q

blood filled or yellow fluid filled cysts of valves of heart often in ruminants

A

valvular haematoma

132
Q

accumulation of clear yellow fluid in pericardium

A

hydropericardium

133
Q

vascular injury, fibrin strands present around the heart, with exudate

A

mulberry’s heart disease

134
Q

small amounts of blood surrounding the heart

A

haemorrhgaic pericardial effusion.

135
Q

large amount of blood surrounding the heart

A

haemopericardium

136
Q

air in sac surrounding heart

A

pneumopericardium

137
Q

grey gelatinous replacement of epicardial lipid

A

serous atrophy of epicardial adipose tissue

138
Q

fibrin coated pericardium, adherence between layers, sticky/tacky.

A

fibrinous pericarditis

139
Q

fibrinous deposition in pericadium of pigs, becomes chronically fibrosing leading to cardiac defects

A

glassers disease (porcine polyserositis)

140
Q

proliferative fibrosing infection of horse pericardium

A

streptococcol infection of horses

141
Q

thickened pericardium with rough shaggy material and purulent exudate

A

fibrino-suppurative pericarditis

142
Q

accumulation of white, gritty, urate material at joints of in viscera of reptiles are birds

A

visceral or articular gout

143
Q

multiple, white, foci of firm plaques mineralised fibroelastic tissue in endocardium and intima of large elastic arteries

A

endocardial mineralization

144
Q

shortened valves in heart, thickened smooth nodular appearance and shiny

A

myxomatous degeneration (valvular endocardiosis) (CKCS)

145
Q

pale cream, tacky diffuse substance in endocardium of left ventricle

A

left ventricular endocardial fibroelastosis (siamese.burmese cats)

146
Q

rough, granular adherent, friable yellow-tan vegetations in endocardium

A

endocarditis

147
Q

raised white plaques with fibrou material on old ulcerative lesions of endocardium

A

ulcerative endocarditis

148
Q

stenosis of right valve, chronic hepatic congestion, pulmonary embolism lead to …

A

right cardiac endocarditis

149
Q

stenosis of left valve, chronic pulmonary congestion, systemic emboli

A

left cardiac endocarditis

150
Q

enlarged ventricular chambers due to volume overload of heart

A

eccentric hypertrophy

151
Q

thickened mycoardial walls in heart due to pressure overload

A

concentric hypertrophy

152
Q

right ventricular alteration due to primary disorder of pulmonary vasculature

A

cor pulmonale

153
Q

concentric hypertrophy of LV, dilation of LA

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

154
Q

biventricular dilation white thickened endocardium, increased heart size mainly dogs, thinner walls

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

155
Q

rigid and restricted stretching of heart with stiff walls, short irregular cordae tendinae, abnormal muscular connective tissue in LV

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

156
Q

pale cardiac tissue maybe with calcium depostis

A

cardiac necrosis

157
Q

petechial pericoronal haemorrhages of horse heart

A

monensin toxicity necrosis

158
Q

lymphocytic inflammation of young dog cardiac myocardium tissue

A

canine parvovirus myocarditis

159
Q

multifocal, focal or diffuse purulent necrotising lesions of the heart

A

septicaemic myocarditis

160
Q

bacterial, purulent exudate in heart

A

purulent myocarditis

161
Q

many granulomatous small lesions in equine heart

A

disseminated granulomatous myocarditis due to aspergillosis

162
Q

necrotic and chronic pyogranulomatous myocarditis due to protozoa also affecting eyes, liver, lung

A

toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites

163
Q

R side of heart worm infestation non-uk

A

dilofilaria immitis

164
Q

eosinophilic vasculitis of heart and resp system caused by parasites in dogs

A

angiostrongylus vasorum

165
Q

benign tumour of heart endothelium

A

haemangioma

166
Q

malignant tumour of heart endothelium

A

haemangiosarcoma

167
Q

aortic body tumour, well demarcated, compresses great vessels

A

chemodectoma

168
Q

thin walled dilation of a vessel

A

aneurysm

169
Q

solid, dense, white plaques in blood vessels, basophilic on histo

A

arterial medial calcification

170
Q

protein filled, homogenousm eosinophilic material in lumen of artery

A

fibrinoid necrosis due to damage to vessel wall, seen in mulberrys heart disease and dogs with uraemia

171
Q

common cranial mesenteric thrombus

A

strongylus vulgaris infection

172
Q

common pulmonary artery thrombosus

A

in dogs due to dilofilaria

173
Q

white-cream pale lesions in vessel lumens

A

embolisms

174
Q

thick tortuous arteries with haemorrhage, aneurysm or thrombosis

A

arteritis

175
Q

mesenteric arteries of rats with artery lesions

A

polyarteritis-nodosa

176
Q

polyarteritis of base of pulmonary artery

A

blue tongue virus

177
Q

polayarteritis with widespread petechia, sub cut oedema and hydrothorax in horses

A

equine viral arteritis

178
Q

polyarteritis of cattle

A

malignant catarrhal fever

179
Q

polyarteritis of horses retroviral cause

A

EIA

180
Q

pyogranulomatous vasculitis in cats

A

FIP (coronavirus)

181
Q

navel ill vein inflammation

A

omphalophlebitis

182
Q

solitary, multilobulated masses at joints, in dogs only, with whirling histology

A

haemangiopericytoma

Pathology Semester 1 (3 decks)

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