Pathology: Scrotum, Thyroid, Vascular

Question 1

A patient presents with a fever, fatigue, hoarseness, and a painful thyroid on clinical examination. The lab test results indicate low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and high levels of T3 and T4. These findings are most suggestive of

Answer 1

de quervain thyroiditis

Question 2

Serpiginous vessels are identified on the examinations of patients with

Answer 2

portal HTN or testicular varicoceles

Question 3

According to the DeBakey Classification system, what type of aortic dissection is most commonly associated with marfan syndrome

Answer 3

type 2

Question 4

A vein in the pampiniform plexus is considered abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds

Answer 4

2mm

Question 5

What doppler findings are most suggestive of partial testicular torsion

Answer 5

asymmetric resistive indices on the intratesticular doppler evaluations

Question 6

The most common secondary malignancy of the testicles is

Answer 6

lymphoma

Question 7

Leydig cell tumors of the testicle will demonstrate high serum levels of ________ which can lead to _______

Answer 7

testosterone, precocious puberty

Question 8

What is the best way to differentiate an undescended testicle from other inguinal masses

Answer 8

identify the mediastinum testis

Question 9

What best describes the doppler tracing found in the stalk of a pseudoaneurysm

Answer 9

high resistance to and fro flow

Question 10

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in postpubertal men is

Answer 10

acute epididymitis

Question 11

The most common location of ectopic thyroid tissue formation outside the neck is in the

Answer 11

chest

Question 12

The most common extra-testicular neoplasm is

Answer 12

adenomatoid tumor

Question 13

What is most suggestive of ormond disease

Answer 13

pedal edema and scrotal swelling

Question 14

Patients with ______ have a significantly increased risk of developing a seminoma

Answer 14

cryptorchidism

Question 15

A hypoechoic thyroid mass with microcalcifications, hypervascularity and no halo sign is most consistent with

Answer 15

papillary carcinoma

Question 16

What correctly describes how to aid in differentiation of a thyroid adenoma in the lower pole from a parathyroid adenoma

Answer 16

thyroid adenomas are hypovascular and parathyroid adenomas are hypervascular

Question 17

What has the highest risk of developing thyroid cancer

Answer 17

hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 18

A patient presents with a history of a 5mm leydig cell tumor identified on an exam 6 months ago. What is a common complication of this type of neoplasm

Answer 18

gynecomastia

Question 19

A small, hypoechoic testicular mass with a large calcification in a patient with gynecomastia is most likely a

Answer 19

sertoli cell tumor

Question 20

What vessels are a common source for a type 2 endoleak

Answer 20

inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar arteries

Question 21

Median arcuate ligament syndrome involves compression of which vessel during respiration

Answer 21

celiac axis

Question 22

What is associated with an increased risk of thyroid malignancy

Answer 22

psammoma bodies and intranodular flow patterns

Question 23

Gonadal stromal tumors should be suspected in a patient with a painless testicular mass and

Answer 23

gynecomastia

Question 24

A benign thyroid adenoma is associated with ________ calcifications, while malignant adenomas are associated with _____ calcifications

Answer 24

eggshell, punctate

Question 25

Presence and pattern of calcification of a thyroid adenoma - benign or malignant? peripheral or eggshell- thickened or interrupted peripheral- large and coarse- fine and punctate-

Answer 25

benign malignant benign malignant

Question 26

What best describes the doppler tracing found within the body of a pseudoaneurysm

Answer 26

low resistance to and fro flow

Question 27

The halo sign is a sonographic characteristic of what thyroid abnormality

Answer 27

adenoma

Question 28

A patient presents with a small, palpable extratesticular mass on the left side. The US exam demonstrates a mobile, hyperechoic mass with posterior shadowing. What best describes this finding

Answer 28

scrotal pearl

Question 29

A solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid that measures 2cm AP and 1cm width is most suggestive of

Answer 29

papillary carcinoma

Question 30

Chronic moderate congestive heart failure can cause this tributary of the IVC to be visualized sonographically due to the formation of a collateral pathway

Answer 30

azygous vein

Question 31

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common finding with

Answer 31

papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 32

Regarding the aorta, fusiform aneurysm formation usually occurs in the ______ while dissecting aneurysms usually occur in the

Answer 32

distal abdominal aorta, aortic arch

Question 33

An abdominal US is ordered for a patient with bilateral pedal edema. The abdomen demonstrates mild ascites but otherwise normal organs. The IVC appears prominent with a constant diameter of 2.8cm. These findings are most suggestive of

Answer 33

congestive heart failure

Question 34

Zenker diverticulum can be mistaken for

Answer 34

a thyroid mass

Question 35

Retrograde flow in the common hepatic artery and splenic artery is highly suggestive of

Answer 35

celiac artery occlusion

Question 36

What testicular tumor will cause b-hCG levels to rise but AFP levels will be normal

Answer 36

choriocarcinoma

Question 37

Which type of thyroid cancer is most lethal

Answer 37

anaplastic

Question 38

When evaluating a patient with an aortic endograft, what is the minimum increase in aortic sac size that indicates a possible endoleak

Answer 38

0.6cm

Question 39

What best describes an adenomatoid tumor

Answer 39

a benign intrascrotal tumor

Question 40

When an AAA ruptures, which retroperironeal space will fill with blood first

Answer 40

perirenal

Question 41

A heterogenous, hypervascular mass with microcalcifications is identified in the left upper pole of the thyroid gland. Left side lymphadenopathy is also present. These findings are most suggestive of

Answer 41

papillary carcinoma

Question 42

What are the most common primary carcinomas to metastasize to the thyroid

Answer 42

breast and lung

Question 43

________ artery aneurysms are commonly associated with pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease, while ______ artery aneurysms are usually caused by cystic medical necrosis

Answer 43

splenic, superior mesenteric

Question 44

A patient presents for their annual screening ultrasound after a complete thyroidectomy due to papillary carcinoma. You identify a 1cm uniformly hypoechoic mass lateral to the trachea. The mass is painful with transducer pressure and pain radiates to the head and chest. These findings are most suggestive of

Answer 44

post-traumatic neuroma

Question 45

The most common benign, solid lesion of the thyroid is

Answer 45

adenoma

Question 46

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a common occurrence with

Answer 46

MEN syndrome

Question 47

The bell clapper deformity is a predisposing factor for testicular torsion. It is defined as

Answer 47

the tunica vaginalis completely encircles the epididymis, distal spermatic cord and testis

Question 48

A significant increase in blood supply/drainage to thyroid will be seen with thyroiditis. This can be demonstrated with _____ doppler and is called the _______ sign

Answer 48

color, inferno

Question 49

Increased thyroid volume is associated with

Answer 49

chronic renal failure

Question 50

A scrotal pearl refers to

Answer 50

a large extra-testicular calcification