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NPS Kettering Workbook > Pathology: Pediatric Diseases > Flashcards

Pathology: Pediatric Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: symptoms of viral pneumonia

A

Runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, fever

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2
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: RSV, most commonly occurs in

A

Winter months (mid-December - march)

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3
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: RSV CXR

A

Hyperinflated lungs
Patchy infiltrates
Atelectasis

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4
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: RSV confirming diagnosis

A

Rapid immunofluorescent detection in nasal washings

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5
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: aerosolized treatment for RSV

A

Ribovirin through SPAG

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6
Q

Most common cause of bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

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7
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: how does mortality rate differ in bacterial pna vs viral pna

A

Higher than viral

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8
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: bacterial pna risk factors

A

Immunocompromised
Aspiration from GERD
Malnutrition
School attendance

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9
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: causative agents in bacterial pna for neonatal and pediatric

A

Neonate: group B strep, Ecoli
Pediatric: staph, H flu

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10
Q

Pediatric pneumonia: treatment/management

A

Oxygen therapy
Nutrition
Fluid
Bronchodilators

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11
Q

Diffusehypoxic lung injury resulting in pulmonary edema and progressive alveolar collapse

A

ARDS

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12
Q

ARDS: time of onset of respiratory symptoms

A

Within 1 week of known clinical insult

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13
Q

ARDS: CXR

A

Bilateral opacities

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14
Q

ARDS: degree of hypoxemia (PEEP >5)

A

P/F ratio: moderate 100-200

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15
Q

Refractory hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, loss of surfactant function, decreased LC, LV, FRC are all manifestations of

A

ARDS

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16
Q

ARDS: ventilatory support approaches for treatment

A

Low VT,PIP
PEEP
Secondary vent strategies
Permissive hypercapnia
Lung recruitment

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17
Q

ARDS: pharmacological therapies

A

Pulmonary vasodilators (prost)
SABA
Steroids

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18
Q

ARDS: when are antibiotics indicated

A

Bacterial infection

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19
Q

Inherited, genetic, recessive disorder involving the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems

A

Cystic fibrosis

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20
Q

CF: caused by

A

CFTR

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21
Q

CF: diagnostic tests

A

Sweat chloride >60 (30-59 > 6mos intermediate, repeat)
CFTR mutation

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22
Q

CF: early symptoms

A

Dry, hacking cough
Large amount of secretions

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23
Q

CF: CXR

A

Atelectasis, hyperinflation, flattening of diaphragm, increase A-P

24
Q

CF: components of tx/management

A

SABA/anticholinergics
Mucolytic agent: DNase, hypertonic saline
CPT/aw clearance
High protein diet, enzyme replacement therapy

25
Q

Reversible airway obstruction

A

Asthma

26
Q

Asthma: common triggers

A

Allergies
Stress
Exercise
Cold exposure
Infection
Inhaled irritants

27
Q

Asthma: signs/symptoms in early stages

A

Dyspnea, cough, secretions, expiratory wheezing

28
Q

Asthma: CXR during acute episode

A

Hyperinflation, infiltrates

29
Q

Asthma: control medications

A

LABA (-almetrol)
Inhaled corticosteroids (-one)
Leukotriene modifiers (montelukast)
Immunomodulators (Zumba)

30
Q

Asthma: rescue meds

A

SABA: levalbuterol, albuterol
Anticholinergic: ipratropium
Systemic steroids

31
Q

Asthma: emergency room care

A

First, oxygen therapy
Continuous albuterol or 3 tx/hr
Inhaled anticholinergic
Systemic corticosteroids steroids

32
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

Acute episode that does not respond to usual bronchodilator treatment

33
Q

Asthma: additional treatments

A

Continuous bronchodilator

Subq epi
IV steroids
Mag
Helios
Inhaled anesthetics

34
Q

Asthma: when is mechanical ventilation indicated

A

Rising CO2
Increasing MV
Decreasing consciousness

35
Q

Asthma: what to attempt before intubation

A

NIPPV

36
Q

Asthma: what is essential in monitoring and measuring?

A

Peak flow

37
Q

Asthma: components of comprehensive management program

A

Patient and parent education
Identification and avoidance/mgmt of triggers
Peak flow monitoring
Recognizing symptoms
Asthma action plan

38
Q

Moderate persistent asthma

A

Symptoms: everyday
Activities: moderate limitation
Lung function: FEV1 60-80%, FEV1/FVC ratio 75-80%
SABA use: everyday
Awakenings: 2nights/week (NOT nightly)

39
Q

Asthma: yellow zone peak flow range

A

50-80%

40
Q

Asthma: yellow zone status

A

Increase in symptoms

41
Q

Asthma: yellow zone action

A

Preventative inhaler
Add rescue
Increase tx with oral steroids
Call doctor

42
Q

Croup: etiology

A

Parainfluenza (viral)

43
Q

Croup: URI

A

Present

44
Q

Croup: incidence

A

Fall or winter

45
Q

Croup: onset

A

Gradual

46
Q

Croup: fever

A

Low-grade

47
Q

Croup: admission criteria

A

Strider at rest

48
Q

Croup: lateral neck

A

Subglottic edema, hourglass, steeple, or pencil sign

49
Q

Croup: tx/drugs

A

Oxygen
Cool aerosol
Race mic
Steroids

50
Q

Epiglottitis: etiology

A

Hemophilus influenza

51
Q

Epiglottitis: URI

A

Absent

52
Q

Epiglottitis: age

A

2-6 years

53
Q

Epiglottitis: signs and symptoms

A

Sudden onset
High fever
Drooling/retractions

54
Q

Epiglottitis: lateral neck

A

Supraglottic edema
Thumb sign
Obliterated vallecula

55
Q

Epiglottitis: tx/drugs

A

Intubate (in or)
Antibiotics
Oxygen/CPAP

NPS Kettering Workbook (8 decks)

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