Pathology of the Stomach Flashcards
Name the causes of acute gastritis
Head injury
Severe burns
Severe trauma
Shock
Name the causes of chronic gastritis
Autoimmune
Bacterial
Chemical
How is autoimmune chronic gastritis defined?
By the production of antibodies against parietal and intrinsic cells
What does autoimmune chronic gastritis cause?
A Vitamin B12 deficiency leading to anaemia
What is the most common cause of bacterial chronic gastritis?
H.pylori
How does H.pylori cause chronic gastritis?
It sits in a niche between the epithelial surface and the mucous barrier. This excites an early acute inflammatory response leading to the production of anti-H.pylori antibodies
What does production of anti-H.pylori antibodies lead to?
Increased risk of peptic ulcer
Increased risk of duodenal ulcer
Increased risk of gastric carcinoma
Increased risk of gastric lymphoma
What causes chemical gastritis?
Alcohol
NSAIDs
Bile reflux
How does the above cause chemical gastritis?
They are all fat soluble and so can directly injure the mucous layer
What does direct injury to the mucous layer cause?
Marked epithelial regeneration Hyperplasia Congestion Erosions Ulcers
What is peptic ulceration?
Peptic ulceration is a breach in the gastrointestinal mucosa due to acid and pepsin attack
Where does peptic ulceration normally occur?
Duodenum
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
Describe the appearance of peptic ulcers under the microscope
Peptic ulcers have a layered appearance with a floor of necrotic fibrinopurulent debris. They have a base of inflamed granulation tissue
Give some complications of peptic ulcers
Stenosis Intractable pain Haemorrhage Penetration Perforation
Give some examples of benign gastric tumours
Hyperplastic polyps
Cystic fundic gland polyps
