Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo II > Pathology of the Adrenal II > Flashcards

Pathology of the Adrenal II Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal crisis

A

primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

addison disease

A

primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

secondary adrenocortical insufficiency

A

low pituitary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rapid withdrawal of steroids

A

primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

massive adrenal hemorrhage

A

damages the adrenal cortex causing primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency

newborns - following prolonged and difficult delivery with considerable trauma and hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patients on anticoagulant therapy

A

primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

waterhouse friederichsen syndrome

A

complication of disseminated bacterial infection

leads to primary acute adrenocortical insufficiency

massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

infection, hypotension, widespread purpura

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

can lead to waterhouse friederichsen syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

common infection with waterhouse friedrichsen

A

neisseria meningitidis

psendomonas
pneumococci
h. flu
staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

addison disease

A

primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

autoimmune adrenalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome

A

type 1 and type 2

main cuases of autoimmune adrenalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

infection with addison

A

tuberculosis and fungi

primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

metastatic neoplasms

A

may involve adrenals
-lead to addison disease

majority lung and breast**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tuberculous and fungal disease of adrenal

A

granolomatous inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

priamry autoimmune adrenalitis

A

irregularly shrunken glands

difficult to identify in suprarenal adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

metastatic carcinoma to adrenal

A

enlarged and obscured architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

progressive weakness and fatigability

A

initial manifestations of addisons

doesn’t come to attention until glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are significantly decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea

A

seen in addisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

seen in addisons

-sun exposed areas and pressure points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cause of hyperpigmentation in addisons

A

elevated POMC from anterior pituitary

is precursor of both ACTh and MSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hyperkalemia, hpyonatremia, volume depletion, hypotension

A

seen in addisons

potassium retention and sodium loss with decreased mineralocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

waterhouse friedrichsen

A

acute adrenocortical insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

addison

A

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

24
Q

APS1 mutation

A

AIRE

autoimmune attack against multiple endocrine organs and auto Abs against IL-17

25
Q

secondary adrenocortical insufficiency

A

hypothalamus and pituitary dysfunction

reduced ACTH

NO hyperpigmentation**
-no elevation of MSH

26
Q

no hyponatremia or hyperkalemia

A

in secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
-because near-normal aldosterone synthesis

just no cortisol and androgen output

27
Q

secondary hypoadrenalism morph

A

decreased in size and still yellow color

28
Q

adrenocortical neoplasms

A

adults - adenomas and carcinomas equally

children - more carcinomas

29
Q

TP53 mutation

A

li fraumeni syndrome

familial cancer syndromes with adrenocortical carcinomas

30
Q

epigenetic imprinting disorder

A

beckwith wiedemann syndrome

familial cancer syndromes with adrenocortical carcinomas

31
Q

virilizing neoplasm of adrenal

A

carcinoma

32
Q

hyperaldosteronism and cushing causing adrenal neoplasm

A

functional adenoma

33
Q

bilateral adrenal enlargement

A

mets until proven otherwise

34
Q

functionality of adrenocortical neoplasms

A

determined by clinical evaluation and measure of hormones and hormone metabolites

35
Q

majority of adrenocortical adenomas

A

incidentalomas

36
Q

adrenocortical carcinoma

A

associated with virilism

large and invasive lesions

37
Q

lung cancer

A

mets to adrenals

38
Q

metastasis to adrenal

A

more common than primary adrenocortical carcinoma

39
Q

53yo M, feels bad, weight loss, smoker, bronchogenic lung cancer

A

b/l mets to adrenals

40
Q

adrenal incidentaloma

A

incidental finding in asymptomatic patient

majority - of no clinical importance - nonsecreting cortical adenomas

41
Q

needle biopsy of adrenal

A

NO - lots of blood supply

42
Q

chromaffin cells

A

in adrenal medulla

43
Q

adrenal medulla products

A

catecholamines - NE and E

44
Q

paraganglion system

A

neuroendocrie cells dispersed in extra-adrenal system of clusters and nodules

bronchiomeric
intravagal
aorticosympathetic

45
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

neoplasm of chromaffin cells

adrenal medulla noeplasm

46
Q

neuroblastoma

A

neuronal neoplasm - in children

47
Q

53yo intermittent HA, sweating, tremors, HTN, metanephrines on urine

A

pheochromocytoma

48
Q

surgically correctable HTN

A

pheochromcytoma

also - renal artery stenosis

49
Q

rule of 10s**

A

for pheochromocytoma

10% extra-adrenal - paraganglionomas

10% bilateral

10% biologically malignant

10% not associated with HTN

50
Q

HTN with pheochromocytoma

A

2/3 have paroxysmal episodes

51
Q

mutations for pheochromocytoma

A 
RET
NF1
VHL
SDHD
SDHC
SCHB
52
Q

adrenal colors**

A

yellow - cortex

red - medulla

53
Q

zellballen

A

in pheochromocytoma

54
Q

paroxysmal HTN in pheochromocytoma

A

precipitated by stress, exercise, postural changes, palpation in region of tumor

55
Q

catecholamine cardiomyopathy

A

cardiac complications with pheochromocytoma

myocardial instability and ventricular arrhythmias

56
Q

diagnosis of pheochromcytoma

A

increased urinary catecholamines, VMA, and metanephrines**

57
Q

tx of pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumors - surgical excision

adrenergic block agents to prevent HTN crisis

Endo II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions