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Endo II > Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones DSA > Flashcards

Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones DSA Flashcards

1
Q

somatotropin

A

GH

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2
Q

octreotride

A

somatostatin analog

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3
Q

pegvisomant

A

GH antagonist

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4
Q

bromocriptin

A

dopamine agonist

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5
Q

cabergoline

A

dopamine agonist

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6
Q

vasopressin

A

ADH

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7
Q

desmopressin

A

vasopressin receptor agonist

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8
Q

neurons of posterior pituitary

A

supraoptic nuclei
paraventricular nuclei

synthesize arginine vasopressin or oxytocin

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9
Q

GH signaling

A

JAK/STAT

single chain proteins

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10
Q

PRL signaling

A

JAK/STAT

single chain proteins

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11
Q

thyrotropin

A

TSH

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12
Q

TSH signaling

A

GPCRs

dimeric proteins

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13
Q

FSH signaling

A

GPCRs

dimeric proteins

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14
Q

LH signaling

A

GPCRs

dimeric proteins

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15
Q

ACTH signaling

A

GPCRs

cleaved from precursor beta endorphin

single peptide

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16
Q

TSH release

A

regulated by TRH

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17
Q

LH and FSH release

A

regulated by GnRH

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18
Q

ACTH release

A

regulated by CRH

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19
Q

TSH and TRH release

A

negative feedback from T4 and T3

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20
Q

FSH, LH, and GnRH release

A

negative feedback from estrogen/progesterone (F) and androgens (M)

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21
Q

ACTH and CRH release

A

negative feedback from cortisol

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22
Q

GH release

A

stimulated by GHRH

inhibited by somatostatin

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23
Q

somatostatin

A

negative feedback on GH release

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24
Q

GH release

A

inhibited by GH and IGF-1

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25
Q

PRL release

A

negative feedback from dopamine via D2 receptors

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26
Q

disruption of hypothalamohypophysial portal vessels

A

increase PRL

decrease ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, TSH

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27
Q

target organ of GH

A

liver, muscle, bone, kidney

IFG-1 mediator

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28
Q

somatotropin

A

aka GH

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29
Q

ACTH target organ

A

adrenal cortex

glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen release

30
Q

GnRH release

A

endogenous - pulsatile - stimulates LH and FSH

continuously as drug - inhibit LH and FSH

31
Q

somatropin

A

recombinant human form of rhGH

32
Q

GH function

A

stimulates long bone growth

anabolic effects in muscle

catabolic effects in lipid cells

33
Q

GH and IGF-1 on insulin

A

GH reduces insulin sensitivity

IGF-1 losers serum glucose and reduces insulin

34
Q

GH deficiency in children

A

rhGH

-permits children with short stature to achieve normal height

35
Q

GH deficiency in adults

A

generalized obesity, reduced muscle mass, asthenia, reduced cardiac output

tx with rhGH reverses many of these symptoms

36
Q

GH treatment of kids with short stature

A

prader-willi
turner
noonan
idiopathic short stature

37
Q

wasting in AIDS patients

38
Q

adverse effects of GH in kids

A

rare - intracranial HTN - vision changes, HA, N/V

scoliosis
otitis media
turner syndrome
hypothyroidism
pancreatitis
gynecomastia
39
Q

adverse effects of GH in adults

A

peripheral edema
myalgias
arthralgias
carpal tunnel syndrome

40
Q

known active malignancy

A

contraindication for GH

41
Q

mecasermin

A

recombinant IGF-1

in children with rare IGF-1 deficiency not responsive to GH - due to mutation in GH receptor

subQ admin**

42
Q

adverse of mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia

so just eat before

43
Q

anterior pituitary adenoma secreting GH

A

tx - GH antagonist

can cause acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children

44
Q

MOA of pegvisoman

A

GH receptor antagonist

45
Q

somatostatin analog MOA

A

suppression of GH secretion

46
Q

dopamine receptor agonist

A

can be used to suppress GH secretion

47
Q

somatostatin function

A

inhibit release of GH, TSH, glucagon, insulin, gastrin

48
Q

octreotide

A

somatostatin analog

45x more potent than SST in inhibiting GH release and 2x as potent in reducing insulin secretion

49
Q

octreotide admin

50
Q

adverse effects of octreotide

A 
N/V, abdominal cramping, flatulence
steatorrhea
bulky bowel movements
gallstones
cardiac effects
vit B12 deficiency
51
Q

lanreotide

A

SST analog

-approved for tx of acromegaly

52
Q

pegvisomant MOA

A

GH receptor antagonist

53
Q

tx of acromegaly

A

pegvisomant more effective than SST analogs

54
Q

male hyperPRL

A

loss of libido and infertility

55
Q

female hyperPRL

A

galactorrhea and amenorrhea

56
Q

inhibition of PRL

A

dopamine agonists

57
Q

hypogonadims and infertility with hyper PRL

A

result from inhibition of GnRH release

58
Q

bromocriptin MOA

A

dopamine D2 receptor agonist

ergot derivative

59
Q

cabergoline MOA

A

dopamine D2 receptor agonist

ergot derivative

60
Q

cabergoline

A

dopamine agonist

longer half life, higher affinity, and greater selectivity for D2 receptors

lower incidence of side effects

61
Q

pregnancy desired

A

bromocriptine preferred

as dopamine agonist

62
Q

adverse of dopamine agonists

A

bromocriptine and cabergoline

nausea, HA, light headed, orthostatic HTN, fatigue

psych sx occasionally

macroadenoma during pregnancy continue

microadenoma during pregnancy stop therapy

63
Q

postpartum lactation

A

do not recommend dopamine agonists

increased incidence of stroke and coronary thrombosis

64
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulate uterine contraction

elicits milk ejection

differs from vasopressin at positions 3 and 8 out of 9 AA peptide

65
Q

desmopressin

A

long acting synthetic analog of vasopressin

with minimal V1 receptor activity and an antidiuretic to pressor ratio 4000x that of vasopressin

66
Q

vasopressin MOA

A

activate V1 and V2 receptors
-GPCRs

V1 - smooth muscle cells of vascular - vasoconstriction

V2 - renal tubules - increased water permeability in collecting tubule

extrarenal V2 - regulate release of coag factor VIII and vWF

67
Q

pituitary diabetes insipidus tx

A

vasopressin and desmopressin

68
Q

coagulopathy in hem A and vWF disease tx

A

desmopressin

69
Q

vasopressin CIs

A

CAD - vasoconstriction

70
Q

overdose of vasopressin

A

hyponatremia

-seizures

71
Q

conivaptan

A

vasopressin antagoninst

72
Q

tolvaptan

A

vasopressin antagonist

more selective for V2

Endo II (12 decks)

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