Pathology of Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

PVD mainly affects

A

Large elastic arteries: Aorta, carotids and iliacs

Medum Muscular arteries: Coronary, cerebral and popliteal

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2
Q

The consequences of atherosclerotic disease are

A
  1. Myocardial Infarction
  2. PVD
  3. Cerebral infarction
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3
Q

Gangrene - wet and dry

A
Coagulative necrosis (dry gangrene) in multiple planes due to inadequate perfusion. 
If bacterial infection is superimposed liquefactive necrosis occurs (wet gangrene)
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4
Q

Clinical consequences of atherosclerosis

A
  1. Critical stenosis or occlusion by plaque
  2. Plaque rupture and occlusion by thrombus
  3. Aneurysm development and vessel rupture
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5
Q

Diabetic Macrovascular Disease involves

A

Accelerated atherosclerotic disease involving greater severity, earlier onset and more distal disease.

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6
Q

Diabetes causes

A

Ulceration due to arterial insufficiency
Gangrene in extremities (100x more common in diabetics)
Neuropathy due to microangiopathy

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7
Q

Claudication

A

Leg pain on exertion due to insufficient oxygen supply - Occurs in 15-40% of PVD patients

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8
Q

Critical Limb Ischemia

A

Ischemic pain at rest due to terminal lack of supply to leg - mortality 25%

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9
Q

Helloooo Jacob

A

Heart failure :)

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10
Q

Buerger’s disease

A

Recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis of small/medium arteries/veins.
Strongly associated with smoking, 20-40 yrs, male.
Corkscrew arteries with tree root collaterals

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11
Q

What is May-Thurner syndrome

A

DVT of iliofemoral vein caused by compression of left common iliac vein by overlying right common iliac artery

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12
Q

What is Volkmann’s contracture

A

Permanent flexion contracture of hand and wrist- claw hand
Commonly caused by supracondylar fracture of the humerus.
Ischaemia/necrosis of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicus longus

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13
Q

What is a paradoxical embolism

A

Embolus, whilst passing through the heart, passed through a VSD or ASD. Gives embolitic CVA

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