Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MHD II Test 3 > Pathology of Ovary and Fallopian Tube > Flashcards

Pathology of Ovary and Fallopian Tube Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube

  1. How do most infections get there?
  2. Caused by which organisms?
A
  1. ascending routes: vaginal vault, curetting, intra-uterine device
  2. Gonococcus (60%), chlamydiae, tuberculous salpingitis (1.2%) of all cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute Salpingitis

1. Histo look

A
  1. neutrophils within mucosa and lumen
  2. acute inflammatroy debris within lumen
  3. may be transmural to serosal surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cysts of Fallopian Tube

  1. Common finding
  2. Malignant or benign?
  3. What are paratubal cysts?
A
  1. cystic structures filled with clear serous fluid
  2. benign
  3. cyst with thin wall and containing serous fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fallopian Tube Tumors

  1. Benign
  2. Malignant
  3. How common?
  4. What does it look similar to?
A
  1. adenomatoid tumor (mesothelial origin)
  2. adenocarcinoma (papillary serous type or endometrioid)
  3. rare
  4. uterine tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carcinomas of Fallopian Tube

  1. How common?
  2. What risk is increased? (3)
  3. Location
  4. What else may tumor involve?
A
  1. rare, <1% of all GYN cancers
  2. ovary, breast, endometrium cancer
  3. ampullary/isthmic; 2:1, but most BRCA-related tumors occur in fimbria
  4. ipsilateral ovary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carcinomas of Fallopian Tube

  1. Most common type
  2. Where must tumor be attached?
  3. Histo look
A
  1. serous carcinoma
  2. in the tube attached to the lining mucosa
  3. similar to uterus cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Follicular Cyst (ovary)

  1. Who gets it?
  2. How many follicules?
  3. What is it lined by?
A
  1. reproductive women
  2. usually multiple, < 2 cm
  3. granulosa and theca cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Corpus Leuteal Cysts

  1. What is it?
  2. Gross look
A
  1. delayed resolution of the central cavity of a corpus luteum
  2. cyst lined by a rim of bright yellow luteal tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polycystic Ovaries

  1. Gross look:
  2. Clinical manifestations (3)
A
  1. enlarged ovary, thick cortex, and innumberable follicular cysts
  2. oligomenorrhea, presistent anovulation, infertility
  3. endometrial hyperplasia
  4. obesity, hirsutism (rarely, virilism)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polycystic Ovaries

  1. Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
  2. Etiology
A
  1. PCO w/ oligomenorrhea
  2. disturbance of the hypothalamic/pituitary function
  3. leading to asynchronous release of LH
  4. Stimulating theca cells to produce excessive androgen which converts to estrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ovarian Tumors

  1. 80% are
  2. 20% are
  3. Risk factors
  4. Where is it common?
A
  1. benign
  2. malignant
  3. nulliparity and Fx history
  4. gonadal dysgenesis
  5. Genetic mutations in BRCA-1 and BRCA-2
  6. industrialized countries (except Japan)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical Manifestations of ovarian tumors

A

No early warning signs (early spread)
Abdominal pain, bloating, and increased abdominal girth
Regular pelvic examination is the only general screening test for tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classification of Ovarian Neoplasms

  1. 70% are
  2. 20% are
  3. 5% are
  4. 5% are
A
  1. Surface epithelial tumor
  2. germ cell tumors
  3. sex-cord stromal tumors
  4. metastatic tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ovarian Tumors: Tumors of Surface Epithelium: 5 types

A 
Serous (most common)
mucinous
endometroid
Clear Cell
Brenner tumor (resemble transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biological behavior of epithelial tumors

  1. Benign
  2. Borderline tumors
  3. Malignant
A
  1. most common (serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma)
  2. low malignant potential, highly proliferative and atypical lining epithelium, no stromal invasion
  3. malignant cells forming glands or papillary structures with destructive stromal invasion including serous papillary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benign Serous Cystadenoma

  1. gross look
  2. histo look
A
  1. cyst with thin and smooth surface

2. single layer of lining cells similar to that of fallopian tube mucosa, not cytologic atypia, no invasion

17
Q

Papillary Serious Borderline tumor

1. histo look (3)

A
  1. pseudostratified nuclei, mild cytologic atypia, no invasion into stroma
18
Q

Papillary Serous Carcinoma

1. histo look

A
  1. high grade tumor cells, stromal invasion, abnormal mitosis, pleomorphic nuclei
19
Q

Benign Mucinis Cystadenoma

  1. gross look
  2. histo look (4)
A
  1. smooth mass (?)
  2. single layer of uniform mucin containing epithelial cells
  3. multiloculated cysts, single nuclear layer,
  4. no atypia
  5. no invasion
20
Q

Borderline Mucinous Tumor

1. HIsto look

A
  1. lining cells with pseudostratified nuclei, mild to moderate cytologic atypia, no invasion
21
Q

Mucinous Carcinoma

  1. Histo look of intraepithelial carcinoma
  2. Histo look of non-invasive carcinoma
  3. Histo look of invasive carcinoma
  4. Gross look/cut surface
A
  1. high grade nuclear atypia, epithelial stratification (more than 3 layers)
  2. Cribriform or confluent growth pattern > 5 mm
  3. Stromal invasion
  4. Solid and cystic cut surface
22
Q

Metastatic Mucinous Carcinoma

  1. Gross look; Which ovaries?
  2. What has been invaded?
  3. Histo (4)
A
  1. bilateral; <13 cm, multinodular with surface involvement
  2. lymphatics/vasculature
  3. signet ring cell or single cell invasion with desmoplastic stroma
  4. pseudomyxoma peritonei
  5. colloid pattern
  6. bland cytology and invasive pattern
23
Q

1st Mucinous Carcinoma

  1. Gross look/size
  2. Prognosis
  3. Histo
A
  1. > 13 cm, smooth external surface
  2. Benign or borderline
  3. complex papillary architecture, can have multiple histologic patterns (teratoma, Brenner, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor)
24
Q

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

1. What is it/ Where is it from? (5)

A 
carcinoma of ovary:
mucinous lesion of appendix(99%), 
urachal mucinous ca, 
mucinous ca of renal pelvis, 
intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of pancreas
colonic polyp
25
Q

Germ Cell Tumors

  1. What % of ovarian tumors
  2. Who gets them?
  3. What are most of them?
A
  1. 15-20% of all ovarian tumors
  2. children and young adults
  3. 90% are benign (mature cystic teratoma), 10% malignant (including Immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumor, embryonal carcinoma, mixed germ cell tumor
26
Q

Mature Cystic Teratoma

  1. AKA
  2. Who is it most common in?
  3. Gross look
  4. Histo look
  5. Prognosis
A
  1. Dermoid Cyst
  2. ppl 10-20 y/o
  3. cystic mass containing hair. teeth, and sebaceous material
  4. adult tissue derived from all 3 germ cell layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
  5. benign
27
Q

Immature Termatoma

  1. how common?
  2. What kinds of cells?
  3. Who gets it?
  4. Prognosis
  5. Gross look
A
  1. uncommon tumor
  2. mature and immature embryonal type tissues
  3. prepubertal girls, adolescents, and young women
  4. rapidly growing tumor
  5. bulky solid mass w/ smooth capsular surface, and foci of necrosis and hemorrhage
28
Q

Immature Teratoma

  1. Histo look (2)
  2. What is grading based on?
A
  1. mixed mature and immature tissue
  2. mature elements: cartilage, glands, bone, muscle tissue
  3. immature tissue: predominantly neuroepithelial elements
  4. Proportion of the neuroepithelium (grades 1-3)
29
Q

Dysgerminoma

  1. How common is it?
  2. When does it occur?
  3. What is a predisposing factor?
  4. Gross look
  5. Histo look
  6. What treatment is effective?
A
  1. most common malignant germ cell tumor of ovary
  2. childhood, second, and third decades of life
  3. gonadal dysgenesis
  4. solid, unilateral
  5. primordial germ cells admixed w/ lymphocytes
  6. radiotherapy
30
Q

Endodermal Sinus Tumor (yolk sac tumor)

  1. How common is it?
  2. Who gets it?
  3. Clinical Presentation
  4. Gross look
  5. Histo look
  6. What do these cells produce?
A
  1. second most common malignant germ cell tumor
  2. children/young females
  3. abdominal pain, pelvic mass
  4. unilateral, large necrotic tumor
  5. composed of primitive germ cells that form glomeruloid (Schiller-Duval bodies) or embryonal-like structures; has PAS positive hyaline bodies
  6. alpha fetoprotein
31
Q

What is a Schiller Duval Body

A

structure seen in endodermal sinus tumor consisting of a central vessel surrounded by tumor cells

32
Q

Embryonal Carcinoma

  1. How common?
  2. who gets it?
  3. How does it present?
  4. What are elevated?
  5. Histo
  6. Immuno histo stains
A
  1. very rare
  2. 4-28 year old women
  3. unilateral adnexal mass
  4. serum hCG and AFP
  5. solid/glandular arrangement, pleomorphic with lots of necrosis
  6. CD30+; AGP-
33
Q

Sex Cord Stromal Tumor

  1. What % of ovarian neoplasms?
  2. Malignant potential?
  3. What can they produce?
  4. Types (3)
A
  1. 5-8%
  2. mostly benign, low malignant potential
  3. hormones
  4. thecoma-fibroma, granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydic cell
34
Q

Thecoma-Fibromas

  1. Account for what % of all ovarian tumors?
  2. Bilateral or unilateral?
  3. Who tends to get it?
  4. What is it associated with?
A
  1. 4%
  2. unilateral- arises in ovarian stroma
  3. post-menopausal women
  4. benign, Meig’s syndrome: hydrothorax and ascites

MHD II Test 3 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions