Pathology of Male Genitals Flashcards
1
Q
Structure of the Male Urogenital Tract
A
2
Q
A
- If you understand the sturcture and function, then you will know more of the disease process
scrotum:
Testes:
Epididymus:
Accessory glands:
Penis:
3
Q
A
- main function is to keep things cool and keep the temperature sensitive sperm viable
- Helps avoid infertility
4
Q
A
- Each type of these cells can be affected by a tumor
- Leydig cells produce testosterone
- There is a barrier between the sperm and immune system (circulation) as the sperm cells are haploid and are seen as foreign
5
Q
A
6
Q
A
7
Q
Function of the Penis
A
8
Q
Diseases of the Scrotum
A
- Anything affecting skin and hair can affect the scrotum as well (ex: sheep mange, frostbite trauma)
- inflammation–> heat which is a loss of thermoregulatory function
9
Q
Tunica vaginalis
A
- maintained connection with tunica marginalis?
- echo
- can also have tumors - but more rare
10
Q
Testis and Epididymus
(diseases)
A
- Are the testis smaller than ususal? or larger?
11
Q
Intersex Conditions
A
- testis is the gonadal tissue (called male)
- mix between gonadal tissue (echo)
12
Q
Cryptorchidism
(small testis)
A
- doesn’t migrate
- there is a genetic component to it- don’t breed with them!
- hot in the abdominal cavity- will be small due to no sperm surviving
- Need to be careful as they can become neoplastic
13
Q
Testicular Hypoplasia
(Small testis)
A
- different to atrophy or degeneration
- never came into a proper working testis
- Usually don’t realize a problem until after puberty
- tend to be normal consistency- no fibrosis occuring
- normal spermatogenesis is not happening
14
Q
Testicular Atrophy/Degeneration
(Small testis)
A
- most common reason for male infertility
- Feels firmer: usually get some fibrosis with it
- you can get incomplete speratogenesis - multinuclear spermatids
15
Q
Inflammation of the testis: Orchitis
(large testis)
A
- echo
- The testis are anti-inflammatory in property
- ascending infection is common, but not necessarily for the testis as they are anti-inflammatory
16
Q
Inflammation of the epididymis:
Epididymitis
A
- talking about ascending infection
- breakdown of spermatic membrane
- swollen, red, impede production
- pressure will cause testis to atrophy –> sterility
17
Q
Infectious epididymitis ram
A
- Brucella does not cause abortion in the sheep - causes I.E. in the ram
18
Q
A
- Interstitial cell tumor/Leydig Cell
- Sertoli Cell Tumor
- Germ Cell Tumor (seminoma/teritoma)
- often get a mix of all these!
19
Q
Interstitial Cell Tumors
(Leydig Cell Tumor)
A
- bit reddish/orange
- in testicular tissue –> do not cause swelling!
- hormone levels produced can cause aggression
20
Q
Sertoli Cell Tumor
A
- more malignant in the cryptotestis
- cells going in a haphazard arrangement
- 1/4 -1/3 produce hormones
- can cause feminisation
21
Q
Sertoli Cell Tumor and Feminisation
A
- symmetrical alopecia (should trigger idea that it may be endocrine related)
- high estorgen levels can be myelotoxic
22
Q
Seminoma
A
- 2nd most prominant in the dog
- swelling of the testis
- pale, large, lump in the middle of it
- in histo: cells look a bit like lymphocytes, small cytoplasm, frequent mitotic figures
- occurs predominantly in retained testis but not exclusively!
23
Q
Teratoma
A
- Consists of 2 or 3 of the germ cell layers
- hair in it–> has ectoderm in it
- chaotic tumor–> is benign generally but can get really large
- (echo)
24
Q
Pathology of the Accessory sex glands/prostate
A
- neoplasia and inflammation is much less common
25
Hyperplasia of Prostate
* having more cells may result in an enlargement
* can fit it in so it starts to make these papillary projections
* can generally feel on rectal
* They will present to you with constipation
* If you castrate them, it tends to go away --\> it is hormone dependent
26
Neoplasia of Prostate
* Usually a carcinoma
* there is no evidence that castration prevents it or cures it
* often metastasises
* a lot of mitotic figures and marked fibrosis
* predominantly will present with constipation, wasting away, and locomotor abnormalities
27
Prostatitis
* more rare
* can get will hyperplasia
* most cases will be subclinical
* ruptured abscesses may result in septicemia or toxaemia
28
Metaplasia of Prostate
* changes from one type of cell to another
* abnormal epithelium cover - more likely to get inflammed as it does not have the normal covering
*
29
Pathology of Penis and Prepuce
| (non-infectious/infectious/neoplasia)
* may be the source of infection that is found in females leading to venereal diseases
30
Pathology of Penis and Prepuce
| (non-inflammatory disease/inflammation)
31
Herpesviral infections of the penis and prepuce
(EHV-3 and BHV-1)
IBP can cause in the same species (female) IBV?
32
Other Infections of Penis and Prepuce
| (Bacteria and Parasites)
* pizzle rot: will pee into the prepuce and contaminate?
33
Other Infections of the Penis and Prepuce
(Ulcerative Posthitis and Habronemiasis)
34
Neoplasia of Penis and Prepuce
| (squamous cell carcinoma)
* most common one found
* horses!
* Cauliflower like
* histo: you will find keratin formed in the cells
* low grade malignancy
* If you don't get it all in amputation, it will come back
35
Fibropapilloma of the Penis
* benign tumor but it can get really large
36
Transmissible venereal tumor
* in the dog, rare in the UK
* Usually spreads by coitus (planting of cells into the other animal) - female--\> male, or male --\> female
* If dogs are in poor health, can metastisize
37
Accessory Male Genital Glands
(stallion, bull, boar, ram, buck, dog, tom cat)
38
Importance of Knowing pathology of male
* as he mates with all the ewes!
* Passing on disease or bad traits
