Pathology mcq notes

Question 1

Atheromatous plaques consist

Answer 1

The central core contains lipids, (cholesterol, necrotic debris, lipid laden macrophages). The cholesterol appears as needle shaped clefts.

The shoulder region, where the fibrous cap meets the vessel wall is more cellular and contains macrophages, T cells and smooth muscle cells.

Question 2

Hypersensitivity vasculitis:

Answer 2

These are immune mediated diseases, commonly by immune complex deposition in
vessel wall. These are multisystem disorders but affecting mainly highly vascular tissues as the skin

Question 3

POLYARTERITIS NODOSA (PAN): morphology

Answer 3

▪ Segmental transmural fibrinoid necrosis of arterial wall, surrounded by an acute inflammatory reaction.

▪ Lesions usually affect only part of the vessel circumference

Question 4

Embolization of infected embolus as a complication of infective endocarditis. Commonest site is

Answer 4

in the cerebral arteries.

Question 5

Has a murmur is often present. Becomes symptomatic at 30

Answer 5

Atrial septal defect

Question 6

In low socio-economic developing countries due to overcrowding, low resistance and an increased frequency of airborne respiratory tract infections

The condition usually starts in children & adolescents 5-15 years

Answer 6

Rheumatic fever

Question 7

MacCallum’s patch is located at the posterior wall of

Answer 7

Left atrium

Question 8

Constrictive pericarditis usually following:

Answer 8

Tuberculous pericarditis

Question 9

Common etiology of cerebral aneurysm is:

Answer 9

Cogenital.

Question 10

-Which is the most common type of pericarditis in rheumatic fever:

Answer 10

Serofibrinous

Question 11

Libman-Sacks endocarditis occurs in

Answer 11

SLE

Question 12

The microscopic features of endocardium is

Answer 12

Fibrinoid necrosis of cusps and chordae tendinae with inflammation, and overlying vegetations (platelet thrombi).

Question 13

What labs would u expect to be elevated in rheumatic fever

Answer 13

sedimentation rate, elevated C reactive protein and high serum
level of ASO titre

Question 14

The most common valve effected in chronic rheumatic heart disease

Answer 14

Mitral valve, followed by aortic

Question 15

Complications of chronic rheumatic heart disease include

Answer 15

1. Subacute infective endocarditis on top of deformed fibrotic valves.
2. Heart failure secondary to valvular lesions.

Question 16

Ischemia is most pronounced in the

Answer 16

subendocardium

Question 17

in ischemia injury occurs first in

Answer 17

Subendocardial zone

Question 18

What is the commonest sight of myocardial infraction? Which artery is occluded?

Answer 18

The most common site (40-50%) It is due to occlusion of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) producing an infarction of the anterior ventricular wall

Question 19

lateral infarction is due to occlusion of

Answer 19

Lt circumflex coronary artery resulting in infraction of lateral ventricular wall

Question 20

Posterior infraction is due to occlusion of

Answer 20

Rt coronary artery with infraction of posterior wall and posterior part of the septum

Question 21

The earliest naked eye changes at MI occur in

Answer 21

15 hours

Question 22

After 24-48 hours MI,

Answer 22

softens and color changes to yellow

Question 23

By 3 months MI

Answer 23

scar tissue appear white

Question 24

Microscopic myocardial infarction after 8-12 hours

Answer 24

changes of coagulative necrosis

Question 25

MI is diagnosed by what laboratory test

Answer 25

Elevation of cardiac-specific troponins and cardiac fraction of creatine kinase.

Question 26

Cardiac tamponade is

Answer 26

Blood collecting suddenly & in large quantities in the pericardial sac,
resulting in sudden death (acute heart failure). It occurs in rupture myocardial infarction, ventricular aneurysm or rupture aortic aneurysm

Question 27

there is both right and left ventricular failure and a full combination of systemic and pulmonary signs.

Answer 27

In congestive cardiac failure