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Rapid Review > Pathology Malignancy > Flashcards

Pathology Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

BCL-2

A

Antiapoptotic molecule

Follicular [t(18:14)] and undifferentiated lymphomas

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2
Q

BRAF

A

Serine/ threonine kinase

Melanoma, nonHodgkins lymphoma

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3
Q

c-Kit

A

Cytokine receptor

Gastrointestinal stromatolites tumor (GIST)

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4
Q

c-myc

A

Transcription factor

Burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)

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5
Q

HER2/neu

A

Tyrosine kinase

Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma

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6
Q

L-myc

A

Transcription factor

Lung tumor

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7
Q

N-myc

A

Transcription factor

Neuroblastoma

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8
Q

RAS

A

GTPase

Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

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9
Q

RET

A

Tyrosine kinase

MEN 2A and 2B, medullary thyroid cancer

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10
Q

Oncogenes

A

Gain function, inc risk of cancer

Need damage to only one allele

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11
Q

Tumor suppression genes

A

Loss of function, inc risk of cancer. Both alleles must be lost for expression of disease.

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12
Q

APC

A 
Colorectal cancer (ass. with FAP)
Risk: diet high in cholesterol, carbs, and low fiber.
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13
Q

BRCA1/BRCA2

A

DNA repair protein

Breast cancer and ovarian cancer

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14
Q

DCC

A

“DCC- Deleted in Colon Cancer”

Colon cancer

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15
Q

DPC4/SMAD4

A

“DPC- Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer”

Pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

MEN1

A

MEN1- parathyroid, pituitary tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumor
Menin

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17
Q

NF1

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Ras GTPase activating protein

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18
Q

NF2

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

Merlin (schwannomin) protein

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19
Q

p16

A

Cyclic dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

Melanoma

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20
Q

p53

A

Transcription factor for p21, blocks G1-S phase
Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Liver and colon cancer

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21
Q

PTEN

A

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer

22
Q

Rb

A

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

Inhibits E2F; blocks G1- S phase

23
Q

TSC1

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Hamartin protein

24
Q

TSC2

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberin protein

25
Q

VHL

A

von Hipple Lindau disease (hamangioblastomas), renal cell carcinoma
Inhibits hypoxia inducible fx 1a

26
Q

WT1/WT2

A

Wilms Tumor- common renal malignancy of early childhood. Chromosome 11, smooth unilateral

27
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma.

28
Q

Tumor markers

A

Monitor tumor recurrence and response to therapy

29
Q

Alpha- fetoprotein

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, heptoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor

30
Q

Beta-hCG

A

Hydatidform moles and choriocarcinoma, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor

31
Q

CA 15-3/ CA27-29

A

Breast cancer

32
Q

CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

33
Q

CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer

34
Q

Calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

35
Q

CEA

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen. Very nonspecific but produced by 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers! also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinoma

36
Q

Chromogranin

A

Neuro endocrine tumors, carcinoid

37
Q

PSA

A

Prostatic specific antigen. Prostate cancer

Can be elevated in BPH, and prostatitis

38
Q

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)

A

Liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma

39
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Blood

Leukemia/ lymphoma

40
Q

Aromatic amines

A

Bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma

41
Q

Arsenic

A

Liver- angiosarcoma
Lung- lung cancer
Skin- squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

Asbestos

A

Lung

Bronchogenic carcinoma, mesothelioma

43
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

A

Liver

Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change

44
Q

Cigarette smoke

A

Bladder- transitional cell carcinoma
Cervix-cervical carcinoma
Esophagus- squamous cell carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma
Kidney- renal cell carcinoma
Larynx- squamous cell carcinoma
Lung- squamous cell carcinoma and small cell

Lung

45
Q

Pancreas

A

Pancreatic thyroid carcinoma

46
Q

Ethanol

A

Esophagus- squamous cell carcinoma

Liver- hepatocellular carcinoma

47
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Thyroid- papillary thyroid carcinoma

48
Q

Nitrosamines ( smoked foods)

A

Stomach- gastric cancer

49
Q

Radon

A

Lung- lung cancer

50
Q

Vinyl chloride

A

Liver- angiosarcoma

51
Q

BCR-ABL

A

Gene product: tyrosine kinase

Associated Tumor: CML, ALL

Rapid Review (4 decks)

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