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blood, lymphatic, and immune system > pathology: lymphatic and immune > Flashcards

pathology: lymphatic and immune Flashcards

1
Q

allergist

A

physician, usually immunologist, who specializes in testing for and treating allergies and asthma

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2
Q

immunology

A

branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of immune system; physician is an immunologist

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3
Q

pathology

A

branch of medicine concerned with determining underlying causes and development of diseases; physician is a pathologist

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4
Q

hives

A

appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction

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5
Q

inflammation

A

tissues’ response to injury from pathogens or physical agents; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to the touch

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6
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

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8
Q

uticaria

A

severe itching associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions

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9
Q

allergic asthma

A

inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling an allergen; symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath

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10
Q

allergic conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva (protective membrane over front of eyeball) caused by allergens in the air

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11
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen, such as pollen, animal dander, or mold; symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, congestion, postnasal drip, cough, and itchy, watery eyes; commonly called hay fever

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12
Q

allergy

A

hypersensitivity to common substance in environment or medication; substance causing allergic reaction is called allergen

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13
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction; examples of instances that may trigger this reaction include bee sting, medications, or ingestion of foods; circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions; also called anaphylaxis

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14
Q

contact dermatitis

A

skin irritation caused by skin coming into direct contact with an allergen; symptoms may include redness, itching, rash, and blisters; common allergens are poison ivy, soaps, fragrances, and jewelry

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15
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of adenoids

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16
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they are pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis

17
Q

elephantiasis

A

abnormal condition caused by obstruction, inflammation, and destruction of lymph vessels resulting in enlarged tissues due to edema; in severe cases, there are so much swelling that knee and angle, joints, disappear, giving the appearance of an elephant leg

18
Q

hodgkin disease (HD)

A

cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes; also called hodgkin lymphoma

19
Q

lymphadentitis

A

inflammation of lymph nodes; commonly called swollen glands

20
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

general term for lymph node diseases

21
Q

lymphangioma

A

tumor in a lymphatic vessel

22
Q

lymphoma

A

tumor in lymphatic tissue

23
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infectious abnormal condition with large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes; caused by epstein-barr virus; abnormal liver function may occur; commonly called kissing disease since virus can be spread by saliva

24
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

cancerous tumor of lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin lymphoma

25
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of thymus gland

26
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of tonsils

27
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

disease involving defect in cell-mediated immunity (protection) system; syndrome of opportunistic infections occurring in final stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); virus attacks T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, reducing person’s ability to fight infection

28
Q

AIDS-related complex

A

early stages of AIDS; there is a positive test for virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia

29
Q

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

A

serious complication of bone marrow transplant (graft); immune cells from donor bone marrow attack recipient’s (host’s) tissues

30
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

virus that causes AIDS; it received its name because it destroys the immune (protection) system; also known as a retrovirus

31
Q

immunocompromised

A

having immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; also called immunodeficiency disorder

32
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

cancerous tumor in connective tissue layer of the skin; frequently seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs

33
Q

multiple myeloma

A

originates in plasma cells (type of lymphocyte responsible for making antibodies); overtime, these malignant cells collect in bone marrow, resulting in a bone marrow tumor; may spread to skeleton

34
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

lung condition common in patients with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients, caused by pneumocystis jiroveci fungus

35
Q

sarcoidosis

A

autoimmune abnormal condition of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet

36
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency

A

disease seen in children born with non-functioning immune system; often these children are forced to live in sealed sterile rooms

37
Q

carbapenem-resistant enterbacteriaceae (CRE) infection

A

infection by group of bacteria that have resistance to a powerful group of antibiotics called carbapenems; almost all infections occur in healthcare settings, especially among patients with ventilators, urinary catheters, intravenous catheters, or on long-term antibiotics

38
Q

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

A

infection with clostridium difficile bacteria causes inflammation of colon; symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain; most commonly occurs in persons with conditions requiring extended use of antibiotics; infection spread through contact with contaminated feces

39
Q

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

A

infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which is resistant to many common antibiotics, such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin; spread through contact with contaminated surface, often improperly washed hands

blood, lymphatic, and immune system (10 decks)

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