PATHOLOGY LEC 1: laboratory investigations of RBCs disorders

Question 1

maturation of RBCs take…………, of which about …………… are spent in the circulation

Answer 1

2–3 days ,

24 hours

Question 2

Normal Reticulocyte count in PB

Answer 2

0.5 - 2.5%

Question 3

Absolute count of Reticulocyte

Answer 3

50 - 100 x 10^9/L

Question 4

Causes of reticulocytosis (Polychromasia)

Answer 4

Hemorrhage
Hemolysis
In response to hematinics

Question 5

Causes of reticulocytopenia:

Answer 5

Aplastic anemia

Question 6

Microcytosis = …………………

Answer 6

diminished MCV (small RBCs)

Question 7

Macrocytosis =……………..

Answer 7

Increased MCV (large RBCs)

Question 8

Anisocytosis = ……………

Answer 8

variation in RBCs size

Question 9

Poikilocytosis:……………………………….

Answer 9

variation in RBC shape

Question 10

Target cells: found in:

Answer 10

Thalassemias and
other abnormal Hbs:
Iron deficiency anemia
Liver dis.

Question 11

Spherocytes:………………………….

Answer 11

Fully hemoglobinized small RBCs

Question 12

Spherocytes found in:

Answer 12

Congenital spherocytosis
Autoimmune hemolytic an.
Hemolytic disease of newborn
Blood transfusion

Question 13

Hypochromia:……………..

Answer 13

Diminished MCH

Question 14

Polychromasia: in case of……………………………..

Answer 14

Increased reticulocytic count

Question 15

Heinz bodies found in

Answer 15

• Unstable Hb
• Chemical/drug poisoning
• G6PD def.
• Post-splenectomy

Question 16

Microcytic Hypochromic

• MCV …………………
• MCH ………………………..

Answer 16

• MCV < 78 fL

- MCH < 27 pg

Question 17

Normocytic Normochromic

• MCV:…………………….
• MCH:……………………..

Answer 17

• MCV: 78-98 fL

- MCH: 27-32 pg

Question 18

Macrocytic

- MCV……………………

Answer 18

• MCV > 98 fL

Question 19

Causes of Microcytic Hypochromic:

Answer 19

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Thalassemia minor/major
• An. of chronic disorder
• Sideroblastic anemia

Question 20

Causes of Normocytic Normochromic:

Answer 20

• Acute blood loss
• Hemolytic an. (ex thal.)
• An. of chronic disorder
• Aplastic anemia

Question 21

Causes of Macrocytic:

Answer 21

• Megaloblastic
• Non Megaloblastic
• Liver disease
• Hemolytic anemia
• Aplastic anemia

Question 22

Normocytic Normochromic Anemia \Hemolytic Anemia

Definition:

Answer 22

It is anemia due to increased rate of RBCs destruction

Question 23

Hemolytic Anemia:

Laboratory evidence of hemolysis:

Answer 23

• ↑ indirect bilirubin
  -↑ reticulocyte count (polychromasia)
• ↑ urine urobilinogen
• BM erythroid hyperplasia
• Absent haptoglobin.
  +
• Hemoglobinemi & Hemoglobinuria in I.V hemolysis

Question 24

Lab Findings in Primary Polycythemia :

Answer 24

Hb, RBCs count, PCV increased ( RBCs)
Normal pO2
↑TLC
↑Platelets
↑Uric acid  
↑Vitamin B1 
↑Neutrophil alkalin  phosphatase
Decreased serum erythropoietin

Question 25

Lab Findings in secondary Polycythemia :

Answer 25

• erythrocytosis
• low pO2
• normal TLC
• normal platelets
• normal NAP score
• ↑ erythropoietin