HEMATOLOGY LEC 1: clinical presentation of anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is anemia?

A

-is a decrease in the total amount of

blood red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin

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2
Q

anemia in men : Hemoglobin less than……………and / or Hematocrit less than ……………

A

13.5g/dl ,

41%

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3
Q

anemia in women : Hemoglobin less than……………and / or Hematocrit less than ……………

A

12g/dl ,

36%

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4
Q

Types of anemia :-

A

Microcytic
Normocytic
Macrocytic

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5
Q

General symptoms of anemia

A

tiredness , headache , pale skin , weakness , irregular heartbeat , shortness of breath , chest pain , dizziness , cold hand and feet

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6
Q

General signs of anemia

A
  • Pallor (inner part of lips, conjunctiva, palmar creases)
  • Tachycardia
  • Postural hypotension
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7
Q

Glossitis is Special sign for ………

A

iron deficiency , folate and vitamin B12 deficiency

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8
Q

Koilonychia pica is Special sign for ………

A

iron deficiency

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9
Q

Neurological abnormality like balance and gait

abnormality are Special signs for……………

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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10
Q

Jaundice is Special sign for ………

A

hemolytic anemia ( in mucus membrane like soft palate and sclera )

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11
Q

Splenomegaly is Special sign for ………

A

thalassemia , neoplasm ,chronic hemolysis

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12
Q

Purpura is Special sign in…………….

A

aplastic anemia

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13
Q

• Microcytic (MCV <80 µ3): in

A
  1. Iron deficiency
  2. thalassemia
  3. sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning.
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14
Q

• Normocytic (MCV 80-100 µ3): in

A
1. Acute blood loss (hemorrhage or acute 
hemolysis )
2. chronic disease
3. hypersplenism
4. bone marrow failure
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15
Q

• Macrocytic (MCV >100 µ3):

A
  1. B12 or folate deficiency,
  2. hypothyroidism
  3. MDS.
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16
Q

Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia General symptoms and sign plus

A
  1. Pica
  2. Glossitis
  3. angular stomatitis
  4. Koilonychia
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17
Q

Pica is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

A

craving of nonfood substances e.g., dirt, clay,

laundry starch

18
Q

Glossitis is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

A

smooth tongue

19
Q

angular stomatitis is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

A

cracking of corners of mouth

20
Q

Koilonychia is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

A

thin, brittle, spoon-shaped fingernails

21
Q

what are the Facies symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

A

frontal bossing with prominent maxilla , increase

space between teeth

22
Q

in Thalassemia examination Color will be ?

A

jaundice ,pallor and iron overload (brown color)

23
Q

what are the Heart symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

A

may be heart failure and arrhythmia due to

hemosidrosis

24
Q

what are the Abdomen symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

A

hepatosplenomegaly with gall stones

25
Q
  • Thalassemic patient had triple complexion
  • ……………
  • ………………..
  • ……………………..
A
  • pallor
  • Jaundice
  • hemosidrosis
26
Q

Hepatomegaly = liver enlargement more than……….

A

13 cm

27
Q

splenomegaly = spleen enlargement more than ……..

A

11 cm

28
Q

Major clinical features of sickle cell disease in the childhood

A
  • Severe life-threatening infection
  • Acute chest syndrome
  • Splenic sequestration ( massive painful splenomegaly )
  • Stroke; pain; dactylitis (Veno-occlusive crisis)
29
Q

Major clinical features of sickle cell disease in the childhood young adulthood

A
recurrent small thrombosis in important organs blood vessels
in  kidney ( lead to renal failure ), brain ( lead to stroke ) and heart lead to myocardial infarction
• asplenia (shrunken spleen due to recurrent small thrombosis in spleen blood vessels )
30
Q

Signs of Hemolytic anemia _ Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Mild pallor, intermittent jaundice, and splenomegaly

31
Q

Symptom of Glucose-6-PO4 – Dehydrogenase Deficiency

A

episodes of brisk hemolysis (anemia and jaundice)
after ingesting fava beans or being exposed to certain
infections or drugs

32
Q

Signs of Glucose-6-PO4 – Dehydrogenase Deficiency

A

Jaundice and splenomegaly may be present in patients
with severe hemolysis. Patients may have right upper
quadrant tenderness due to hyperbilirubinemia and
cholelithiasis. Skin ulcers are an infrequent complication that may occur in patients with severe G6PD deficiency

33
Q

Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia

Acquired disorder-Nonimmune hemolytic anemias

A

Chemicals and drugs -
Animal venoms –
Infectious agents –
Caused by physical injury to RBCs

34
Q

(Non – megaloblastic but with macrocytes )

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Liver disease
  • bone marrow ( myelodysplasia )
  • Alcohol intake
35
Q

Megaloblastic anemia causes

A
  • Fissured tongue
  • GIT manifestation
  • Neurological manifestation
36
Q

Definition of POLYCYTHEMIA

A

increase in the total amount of blood red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin

37
Q

Polycythemia in men : Hemoglobin more than………..and / or Hematocrit more than………..

A

16.5g/dl ,

49%

38
Q

Polycythemia in women : Hemoglobin more than………..and / or Hematocrit more than………..

A

16 g/dl ,

48%

39
Q

Symptoms of Polycythemia

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Itching (pruritus)
  3. Headaches or dizziness/vertigo
  4. Bruising
  5. Hypertension
  6. Facial flushing
40
Q

Signs of Polycythemia

A
  1. Plethora
  2. Hepatosplenomegaly or Splenomegaly alone
  3. Unusual thrombosis
  4. Erythromelalgia (acral dysesthesia and erythema)