HEMATOLOGY LEC 1: clinical presentation of anemia

Question 1

What is anemia?

Answer 1

-is a decrease in the total amount of

blood red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin

Question 2

anemia in men : Hemoglobin less than……………and / or Hematocrit less than ……………

Answer 2

13.5g/dl ,

41%

Question 3

anemia in women : Hemoglobin less than……………and / or Hematocrit less than ……………

Answer 3

12g/dl ,

36%

Question 4

Types of anemia :-

Answer 4

Microcytic
Normocytic
Macrocytic

Question 5

General symptoms of anemia

Answer 5

tiredness , headache , pale skin , weakness , irregular heartbeat , shortness of breath , chest pain , dizziness , cold hand and feet

Question 6

General signs of anemia

Answer 6

• Pallor (inner part of lips, conjunctiva, palmar creases)
• Tachycardia
• Postural hypotension

Question 7

Glossitis is Special sign for ………

Answer 7

iron deficiency , folate and vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 8

Koilonychia pica is Special sign for ………

Answer 8

iron deficiency

Question 9

Neurological abnormality like balance and gait

abnormality are Special signs for……………

Answer 9

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 10

Jaundice is Special sign for ………

Answer 10

hemolytic anemia ( in mucus membrane like soft palate and sclera )

Question 11

Splenomegaly is Special sign for ………

Answer 11

thalassemia , neoplasm ,chronic hemolysis

Question 12

Purpura is Special sign in…………….

Answer 12

aplastic anemia

Question 13

• Microcytic (MCV <80 µ3): in

Answer 13

1. Iron deficiency
2. thalassemia
3. sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning.

Question 14

• Normocytic (MCV 80-100 µ3): in

Answer 14

1. Acute blood loss (hemorrhage or acute 
hemolysis )
2. chronic disease
3. hypersplenism
4. bone marrow failure

Question 15

• Macrocytic (MCV >100 µ3):

Answer 15

1. B12 or folate deficiency,
2. hypothyroidism
3. MDS.

Question 16

Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia General symptoms and sign plus

Answer 16

1. Pica
2. Glossitis
3. angular stomatitis
4. Koilonychia

Question 17

Pica is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

Answer 17

craving of nonfood substances e.g., dirt, clay,

laundry starch

Question 18

Glossitis is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

Answer 18

smooth tongue

Question 19

angular stomatitis is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

Answer 19

cracking of corners of mouth

Question 20

Koilonychia is one of the Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia that mean………….

Answer 20

thin, brittle, spoon-shaped fingernails

Question 21

what are the Facies symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

Answer 21

frontal bossing with prominent maxilla , increase

space between teeth

Question 22

in Thalassemia examination Color will be ?

Answer 22

jaundice ,pallor and iron overload (brown color)

Question 23

what are the Heart symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

Answer 23

may be heart failure and arrhythmia due to

hemosidrosis

Question 24

what are the Abdomen symptoms and sign in Thalassemia examination ?

Answer 24

hepatosplenomegaly with gall stones

Question 25

* Thalassemic patient had triple complexion * ............... * .................... * ..........................

Answer 25

* pallor * Jaundice * hemosidrosis

Question 26

Hepatomegaly = liver enlargement more than..........

Answer 26

13 cm

Question 27

splenomegaly = spleen enlargement more than ........

Answer 27

11 cm

Question 28

Major clinical features of sickle cell disease in the childhood

Answer 28

* Severe life-threatening infection * Acute chest syndrome * Splenic sequestration ( massive painful splenomegaly ) * Stroke; pain; dactylitis (Veno-occlusive crisis)

Question 29

Major clinical features of sickle cell disease in the childhood young adulthood

Answer 29

``` recurrent small thrombosis in important organs blood vessels in kidney ( lead to renal failure ), brain ( lead to stroke ) and heart lead to myocardial infarction • asplenia (shrunken spleen due to recurrent small thrombosis in spleen blood vessels ) ```

Question 30

Signs of Hemolytic anemia _ Hereditary Spherocytosis

Answer 30

Mild pallor, intermittent jaundice, and splenomegaly

Question 31

Symptom of Glucose-6-PO4 – Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Answer 31

episodes of brisk hemolysis (anemia and jaundice) after ingesting fava beans or being exposed to certain infections or drugs

Question 32

Signs of Glucose-6-PO4 – Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Answer 32

Jaundice and splenomegaly may be present in patients with severe hemolysis. Patients may have right upper quadrant tenderness due to hyperbilirubinemia and cholelithiasis. Skin ulcers are an infrequent complication that may occur in patients with severe G6PD deficiency

Question 33

Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia | Acquired disorder-Nonimmune hemolytic anemias

Answer 33

Chemicals and drugs - Animal venoms – Infectious agents – Caused by physical injury to RBCs

Question 34

(Non – megaloblastic but with macrocytes )

Answer 34

* Hypothyroidism * Liver disease * bone marrow ( myelodysplasia ) * Alcohol intake

Question 35

Megaloblastic anemia causes

Answer 35

* Fissured tongue * GIT manifestation * Neurological manifestation

Question 36

Definition of POLYCYTHEMIA

Answer 36

increase in the total amount of blood red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin

Question 37

Polycythemia in men : Hemoglobin more than...........and / or Hematocrit more than...........

Answer 37

16.5g/dl , | 49%

Question 38

Polycythemia in women : Hemoglobin more than...........and / or Hematocrit more than...........

Answer 38

16 g/dl , | 48%

Question 39

Symptoms of Polycythemia

Answer 39

1. Fatigue 2. Itching (pruritus) 3. Headaches or dizziness/vertigo 4. Bruising 5. Hypertension 6. Facial flushing

Question 40

Signs of Polycythemia

Answer 40

1. Plethora 2. Hepatosplenomegaly or Splenomegaly alone 3. Unusual thrombosis 4. Erythromelalgia (acral dysesthesia and erythema)