Pathology Exam 1 Flashcards
Break in the skin, yellow, red, white
Ulcer
WBC, Neutrophils
Puss
Macule
Flat/ Different color/ Small
Example= Freckle
Melanotic macule= Diagnosis Term
1cm
Patch
macule but larger surface area
Papule
Small/ Raised/ Elevated area, like pushing up
Example= cryptococcus in HIV
1 cm
Plaque
smooth/ raised/ bigger then papule
2 cm
Vesicle
Small / Raised/ serous fluid
(Blister like)
Example= recurent Herpes Labialis simplex—usually unilateral on lips
1cm
Bulla
Large/ Serous fluid/ 2cm
Example= Pemphigus Vulgaris = Autoimmune disorder
AD= making their own antibodies
PV= makes antibodies towards (Desmosomes)= cell to cell connection
Pustule
Raised with creamy yellow liquid (neutrophils) ———–(Abcess)
Example= Pyostomatis vegetans inflammatory bowel disease = multiple pustules throughout the mouth
Sessile
Base of lesion/ is not stem like! Extra tissue.
Example= Fibroma (scars) OMA= Tumer
Pedunculated
Stem like base like mushroom
Example= Fibro epithelial polyp / Denture fibroma = never taking out denture
Nodule
Solid/ can feel it/ palpate/ found in soft tissue
- Endophytic Nodule= IN ward U don’t feel it , can stretch to see it
- Exophytic Nodules= Protruding OUT / Raised and can feel it
Example= Thrombosed Varix= harden Bloot clot in Vain, BLUE= Vain
Petechiae
Pinpoint Round spots, result in bleeding into the skin/ Mucosa
Example= Infectious mononucleosis—- capillaries
Platelets stop bleeding!
Erythematous
Abnormal Redness of mucosa / Gingiva (look like a TARGET)
Pink ring, brown ring, red ring.
Example=Erythema Multiforme
Body is doing something to itself that it shouldn’t= Immune mediated.
Erythroplakia
CLINICAL TERM! Red patch, Velvety, Granular= little red patched
Example= Granular Erythroplakia
-Inflammatory
90% of time diagnoised microscopically
Leukoplakia
CLINICAL TERM!
White plaque like lesion on oral mucosa that CAN’T be wiped off!!
Palor
Paleness, not enough RBC
Corrugated
Winkled Gentetically inherited
Example=White sponge nevus= too much kerotine= top layer of skin
Fissured
Cleft showing prominent depth
Example= Melkersson Rosenthal Syndrome = Facial paralyses
Syndrome= multiple things that show at the same time
Papillary
Bumpy on the surface/ Found in clusters/ small elevations (Warts in the mouth)
Example= Squamous papillomas – Wartz, denied tumor caused by
infectious HPV - wartz in mouth= LOW RISK!
*Neoplastic because its begining of tumor
Radiolucent
Dark areas, Energy passes through
Radiopaque
Light areas, Energy doesn’t pass through
Diffuse
not well-defined borders
Example= Fibrous dysplasia (Hazy, cant see clearly) = Ground Glass
Well circumscribed
borders are defined
Example= Central Giant Cell Granuloma = Giant cells inside, RBC
Unilocular
Single circle, well defined, corticated (white border)
Example= Simple radicular Cyst
Multilocular
Soap bubbles/ Honey combed
Extends beyond one distinct area, has many lobes fused together
Example= odontogenic keratocyst
Scalloping
Traumatic bone cyst
CLINICAL process
u look at something with no biopsy! Based on apperance
- Color/ Shape/ Location/ History
Example= Fordyce granules, torus, tori, hairy tongue (EOE/IOE)
Historical Diagnosis
Medical history/ Dental history/ Personal History
Example=
Inherited genetic disorder- Amelogenesis imperfecta (abdnormal enamel formation), genetic disorders
Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine) ging overgrowth
Radiographic Diagnosis
look at Xray and say what it is, No biopsy
Example= Supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, resorption
Pulp gets eaten
Laboratory Diagnostic
Lab tests urine/blood/ tissue tests
Example= Serum alkaline phosphate levels increased= PAGETS disease with radiographic features. (Cotton wool, Hypercementosis) – extra cementum
PAGETS
Serum alkaline phospahate increase
coton wool
hypercementum
Microscopic Diagnosis
Removed tissue looked at under microscope
-Odontogensis keratocysts
-Fibrous dysplasis “Ground Glass”
Apear clinically as Leukoplakia/ Erythoplakia= 90% of time microscopically diagnosed
-Epithelial Dysplasia
-Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Term for premalignant lesion. (dysplasis= stage before cancer)
-After infiltration of cells into submucosa
*above basement membrane abdnormal cells before cancer
Broken through membrane = cancer
Angular cheitis
Caused by fungal infection or iron deficency
- use iron to treat dosnt go away: then caused by
oral candiasis(fungal infection)
Red fisured cracking at commisures of lips
Therapeutic
Use medications/ therapies and wait for response
angular cheitis
Differential
order of the diagnosis, what’s most likely first to least likely
Fordyce granules
Lips/ buccal mucosa/ ectopic sebacous glands/ tiny yellow lobules
Torus palatinus
Midline of hard palate
Mandibular tori
bilateral/ lingual aspects of mandibular/ outgrowth of bone
Melanin Pigmentation of Mucosa
Common in dark skin individuals
Melanin
pigment that gives color to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa, gingiva
Retrocuspid Papilla
SOFT/ bilateral/ sesile nodule on gingival margin of the lingual aspects of the mandibular cuspids
less then 25 years old usually
Lingual Variocities
Prominate lingual veins/ Ventral and lateral surface of tongue
common in 60 and older
Linea alba
White line that extends anteroposteriorly on buccal mucosa
Caused by Keratin
Maybe bilateral- prominate in clenchers/ grinders
Leukoedema
Edema= Fluid
Opalescence of buccal mucosa/ when stretched the grey/white color fades
Histology of leukoedma
Intracellular edema of the spinous cells/ acanthosis
Lingual Thyroid Nodule
Normally thyroid decends to location in neck
this is when Lingual Thyroid Nodule it dosnt decend and causes issues with speaking and swallowing
Median Rhomboid glossitis
Maybe with candida albicans infection// midline dorsal of tongue
DEPAPULATED /RED/ Mid dorsal side of tongue can be shiny/ smooth
Geographic Tongue
Shiny depalpulated area with red and white borders / no filiform
“Erythema Migrans “
“Benign Migratory glossitis”
scince no filiform sensations go streight to nerves= sensitive.
caused by stress
Hairy tongue
Increased accumilation of KERATIN on filiform papilla
Hydrogen peroxide/ Alch / chem rinses can help stimulate filform papilla
Etopic
in a location not usually seen
