Pathology - Etiology Flashcards
What are the two major classes of factors causing disease?
- Genetic (more idiopathic diseases are proving to be genetic)
- Acquired (infectious, natural, chemical, physical)
True or False?
Each disease has one etiological agent.
False.
Most diseases are Multifactorial having multiple factors, can have several etiologies and external triggers.
What are Risk Factors and Promoters of disease?
Risk Factors are factors that increase the risk of acquiring the disease.
Promoters are things that assist the disease process.
Name a disease that has only one etiological agent.
Disease: Rabies Virus
Caused by Rhabdovirus
Name a few Inherited Diseases caused by a single gene disorder.
- PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease)
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Spider Lamb chondrodysplasia
What is a Primary Vitamin Deficiency vs. a Secondary Vitamin Deficiency?
A Primary deficiency is due to the lack of ingestion of a particular vitamin.
A Secondary deficiency is due to the lack of absorption or processing of a particular vitamin once it has been ingested.
Describe Hepatosis dietetica.
It is a nutritional hepatic necrosis caused by a deficiency of Vitamin E and/or Selenium. (An example of one etiology that can cause several diseases in different species)
MDx: Diffuse hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhage (Not hepatitis, bc no inflammation)
On Histological examination: Hemorrhagic and necrotic central areas, with viable cells at the margin of the lobules.
Give some examples from class of Multifactorial Diseases.
- Gastric Ulcers
- Fulminating Pulmonary Edema
- Autoimmune diseases
List the possible etiologies that are responsible for the pathological processes.
Genetic, Microbial, Immune-mediated, Toxic, Traumatic, Idiopathic, Nutritional and Iatrogenic.
Give an example of “Adaptation, degeneration and cell death”.
Metaplasia
or
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Give an example of “Inflammation and repair”.
Nephritis
Give an example of “Tissue deposits and pigmentations”.
Congenital porphyria
Give an example of a “Circulatory disorder”.
Chronic passive congestion (Nutmeg Liver) due to Right sided Heart failure.
Give an example of an “Immune-mediated disease”.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction (Allergic reaction)
or
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Give an example of “Neoplasia”.
Bovine Leukemia Virus (Lymphoma)
Give an example of a “Microbial infection”.
Parapoxvirus
What does the term “Idiopathic” mean?
Of unknown cause or spontaneous origin.
