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Random Palmer Decks > Pathology Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Pathology Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular disease is…

MC involves

A

common, disabling, lethal

MC arteries

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2
Q

2 types of vascular disease
Gradual vs Rapid?
Aneurysm vs Dissection?

A 
Narrowing/obstruction of lumen
    Atherosclerosis (gradual)
    Thromboembolism (rapid)
Weakening of vessel wall
    Dilation (aneurysm)
    Rupture (dissection)
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3
Q

Hardening of the arteries, non-specific

A

Arteriosclerosis

Atherosclerosis: hardening of arteries, atheroma

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4
Q

Dilation of a vascular wall

A

Aneurysm

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5
Q

Passage of blood through layers of wall

A

Dissection

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6
Q

Blood clot in a vessel

in leg, thigh, pelvis?

A

Thrombus

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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7
Q

Dilation of a vein

A

Varicosity

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8
Q

The open interior of a vessel

A

Lumen

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9
Q

Arterial walls are …. than veins

Because of pulsations, and … in blood pressure

A

thicker

increase in BP

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10
Q

Smooth muscles are involuntary and ….

A

non-striated

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11
Q

Layers of vasculature (x3)

A
  1. Intima (endothelia cells)
  2. Media (smooth muscle cells)
  3. Adventitia (CT, nerves, vessels)
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12
Q

Internal & External elastic lamina are found in which layers?

A

Intima/Endothelia = Internal Elastic Lamina

Media/Smooth Muscle = External Elastic Lamina

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13
Q

Blood supply of vascular wall

Interior vs Exterior

A

Interior: diffusion of blood from lumen (intima & inner of media)
Exterior: vasa vasorum supplies (outer media & adventitia)

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14
Q

… provide vascular resistance

A

arterioles

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15
Q

Edema and leukocyte diapedesis occur here…

A

post capillary venules

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16
Q

Veins:
___ lumen
___ walls
___ pressure, prone to _____/______

A

larger lumen
thinner walls
low pressure, prone to dilation/compression

17
Q

Lymphatic vessels:
___ walls, lined with _____
Drain _____ _____
Lymph fluid -> _____ _____

A

thin walls, lined with endothelia
drain interstitial fluid
lymph fluid -> lymph follicles
*continuous monitoring

18
Q

… create a continuous lining of all vessels

A

Endothelial cells

19
Q

Endothelial cells:
______ interface
Regulate ______ & ______

A 
Non-thrombogenic interface
Regulate vasoreactivity (Nitric Oxide, Endothelin) & Cell Growth (smooth muscle cells)
20
Q

___ upsets homeostasis

______ = pro-inflammatory

A

Trauma upsets homeostasis

Endothelial Activation - pro-inflammatory

21
Q

Causes of Endothelial Activation (x2)

A 
Vascular Lesions (HTN, Diabetes, Irradiation, infxn)
Thrombosis, athersclerosis
22
Q

Vascular anomalies = commonly/rarely symptomatic

relevant during ____

A

rarely symptomatic

relevant during surgery

23
Q

Congenital anomalies (x3)

A

Berry Aneurysms
Arteriovenous (AV) fistula
Fibromuscular dyplasia

24
Q

Berry Aneurysm

A

Dilation of cerebral vessels

Rupture leads to subdural hemorrhage

25
Q

Arteriovenous fistula

A

connection of arterial and venous systesm which bypass capillaries

26
Q

Fibromuscular dysplasia
athersclerotic or inflammatory?
MC?

A

local thickening of medium/large artery walls -> ischemia
non-athersclerotic, non-inflammatory
MC: Young adult females

27
Q

hypotension (__/__) causes …

A

hypotension (<90/60) causes decreased perfusion, dysfunction

28
Q

Hypertension (__/__) leads to …

causes…

A

Hypertension (>140/80) leads to damaged vessels/organs

causes: atherosclerosis, hypertensive retinopathy

29
Q

Blood Pressure is regulated by:

A 
cardiac output (HR + SV)
Vascular resistance
30
Q

Vascular tone and blood volume is controlled by… x3

A

Kidney: sodium, renin-angiotensis system
Adrenals: aldosterone
Heart: atrial natriuretic peptide

31
Q

BP Medications

A

ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor blocker

Diuretics

32
Q

Malignant hypertension = __ / __

General treatment recommendations

A

> 200 / >120

Eat healthy, quit smoking, exercise, medicate

33
Q

Hypertension without treatment will cause __% of ischemic heart disease (MI)/ Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
__ will die of a stroke

A

HTN will cause 50% of MI/ CHF

1/3 will die of a stroke

34
Q

__% of US adults have HTN

T/F: It is insidious, asymptomatic

A

25% of US adults have HTN

True

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