Pathology Flashcards
Pyelonephritis vs glomerulonephritis?
pyelonephritis is inflammation of the whole nephron as opposed to just the glomerulus
Spike and dome appearance?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Tram track appearance?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis as GBM is built on top of deposits
Are acquired cysts common?
yes and usually of no consequence
What are acquired cysts often associated with?
long term dialysis
What is the most common primary malignant renal tumour?
Renal cell carcinoma
4 histological variants of renal cell carcinoma in order of most to least
Clear cell
Papillary
Chromophobe
Collecting duct
4 things renal cell carcinoma is associated with?
cigarette smoking, obesity, cystic changes in patients on haemodialysis, genetic predisposition e.g. VHL.
Describe a paediatric renal tumour?
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) is one of the commonest malignant tumours of childhood presenting between 2-5 yrs. About 10% are bilateral. It is an embryonic type of tumour
Describe what a renal cell carcinoma looks like?
circumscribed yellow tumour
How does a renal cell carcinoma tend to spread?
Haematogenously
Venous spread
Spreads to lungs and bones (cannon ball metastases in the lungs)
Name a benign renal tumour
Onocytoma
Describe the appearance of an onocytoma?
Small, oval and well circumscribed
Mahogany brown with a central stellate scar
Very pink and granular cytoplasm due to lots of mitochondria
What is a hydrocoele?
Accumulation of fluid around the testes. Between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis mesothelial lining
Is a hydrocoele transilluminable?
Yes
