Embryology

Question 1

The renal and genital systems both develop from __________________

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm, a collection of cells at the back of the fetal abdominal cavity

Question 2

3 collections of cells?

Answer 2

Pronephros and mesonephros which regress

Metanephros which forms the kidneys

Question 3

Describe development of the kidneys?

Answer 3

Metanephric kidneys form in the pelvis receiving blood supply from pelvic branches of the aorta. As the kidneys move upwards to their final posterior abdominal positional these original arteries regress and the kidneys are vascularised by the renal arteries which come off the aorta at a higher level

Question 4

Describe congenital anomalies in kidney development?

Answer 4

Some of earlier arteries can persist as supernumerary renal arteries
Pelvic kidney: Both or one of kidneys can remain permanently in the pelvis
Horseshoe kidney: Both kidneys can stay in pelvis and be fused at lower poles and then cannot rise due to IMA
If ureteric buds split early can get 2 ureters or 2 renal pelvises

Question 5

It is ____1______ which forms the tubular system from glomerulus to distal nephron whereas the _____2_____ forms the collecting duct and drainage system

Answer 5

1) metanephric mesenchyme

2) ureteric buds

Question 6

What happens in hyposapdius?

Answer 6

Incomplete closure of the urethral folds in males means the urethral opening is along the inferior aspect of the penis

Question 7

What happens in a pelvic kidney?

Answer 7

One or both of the kidneys fails to ascend and remains in the pelvis
Probably of little clinical consequence

Question 8

What happens in a horseshoe kidney?

Answer 8

Both kidneys stay in pelvis with inferior poles fused and cannot rise due to IMA also of little consequence.