Pathology Flashcards
A blood pressure of >140/90 is hypertension according to who? T/F
True
What are the components required to work out a BP calculation
cardiac output x peripheral resistance
Secondary hypertension?
disease that is implicated due to renal disease, endocrine disease, aortic disease, renal artery stenosis and drug therapy
Give examples of renal causes that cause secondary hypertension?
renal artery stenosis, acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, cystic disease, interstitial nephritis. Reduced renal blood flow, excess renin release. Salt and water overload
What is conns syndrome a sign of excess?
excess aldosterone
What is cushings syndrome a sign of
excess corticosteroids
What is phaeochromocytoma a sign of
excess noradrenaline
What is benign hypertension?
is the cause of serious life threatening morbidity-
eventually causes-left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive cardiac failure, increases atheroma, increases aneurysm rupture-aortic dissection and renal disease
How does hypertension lead to LEFT ventricular hypertrophy?
- increased LV load
- poor perfusion
- interstital fibrosis
- micro-infarcts
- diastolic dysfunction
What is subarachnoid haemorrhage?
a rupture of berry aneurysm
Every,,,,,mmhg of diastolic pressure above 85 doubles risk of MI in benign hypertension?
10
Every 8mmhg of diastolic pressure above …years doubles risk of …. in benigh hypertension
85
stroke
What is the diastolic pressure of malignant hypertension?
> 130-140
What conditions are caused by malignant hypertension?
- Causes cerebral oedema-seen as papilloedema (swelling of optic disc)
- acute renal failure
- acute heart failure
- headache and cerebral haemorrhage
- blood vessels show fibrinoid necrosis and endartitis proliferans of their walls
