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Musculoskeletal Kaplan > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Histologic appearance of seborrheic keratosis

A

Epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts

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2
Q

Lichen planus is associated with which infection

A

Hepatitis C

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3
Q

Biopsy findings in lichen planus

A

Saw-tooth appearing T-cell infiltrate of the epidermal-dermal junction

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4
Q

Actinic keratosis predisposes patients to develop which type of cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

Fracture of the hook of the hamate injures which nerve

A

Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

Deficiency of carbonic anhydrase 2 can lead to which bone pathology

A

Osteopetrosis

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7
Q

Characteristic x-ray finding in osteopetrosis

A

“Erlenmeyer flask” bones

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8
Q

Characteristic biopsy finding in Paget’s disease

A

Jigsaw pattern

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9
Q

Common location of giant cell tumor of the bone

A

Epiphyseal end of long bones (MC distal femur and proximal tibia)

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10
Q

Common location of osteochondromas

A

Metaphysis of long bones

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11
Q

Cartilaginous tumor found within the intermedullary space of long bones

A

Enchondroma

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12
Q

Translocation seen in Ewing’s sarcoma

A

11;22

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13
Q

Morphologic joint findings in osteoarthritis

A
  • Subchondral cysts
  • Sclerosis
  • Osteophytes
  • Eburnation
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14
Q

Pannus formation is an important characteristic of which pathology

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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15
Q

HLA associated with rheumatoid arthritis

A

HLA-DR4

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16
Q

Differentiating characteristics of pseudogout crystals

A

Crystals turn yellow under a perpendicular light and blue under a parallel light

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17
Q

Characteristis psoriatic arthritis x-ray findings in the hands

A

“Pencil-in-cup” deformity

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of Sicca syndrome

A

Same as those of Sjögren syndrome but without arthritis

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19
Q

Pathology with Schaumann and asteroid bodies

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Mediator of muscle damage in polymyositis

A

CD8+ T-cell

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21
Q

Biopsy findings in polymyositis

A
  • Endomysial inflammation

* Necrotic and regenerating muscle

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22
Q

Biopsy findings in dermatomyositis

A
  • Perivascular (perimysial) inflammation

* Atrophy of muscle fibers

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23
Q

Dermatomyositis increases the risk to develop which types of cancers

A

Colon and ovarian

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24
Q

Mechanism of a torus fracture

A

Axial force applied to immature bone

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25
Q

Complications of scaphoid fractures

A
  • Avascular necrosis

* Nonunion (retrograde blood supply)

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26
Q

Dislocation of which carpal bone can lead to acute carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Lunate

27
Q

Characteristic morphologic appearance in Paget disease of the bone

A

Abnormal “mosaic” bone architecture

28
Q

Morphologic appearance of tumors in osteitis fibrosa cystica

A

“Brown tumors”

29
Q

Most common benign bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma

30
Q

Radiologic appearance of osteochondroma

A

Bony exostosis with cartilaginous cap

31
Q

Radiologic appearance of giant cell tumors

A

“Soap bubble” appearance on x-ray

32
Q

Biopsy finding in giant cell tumors

A

Multinucleated giant cells that express RANKL

33
Q

Common location of osteosarcomas

A

Metaphysis of long bones, often around the knee

34
Q

Biopsy finding in Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Anaplastic small blue cells

35
Q

Biopsy findings in rheumatoid nodules

A

Fibrinoid necrosis with palisading histiocytes

36
Q

Radiologic finding in pseudogout

A

Chondrocalcinosis

37
Q

Where on the valves are vegetations located in SLE

A

On the undersurface of the valves

38
Q

Most common type of glomerulonephritis in lupus

A

Diffuse proliferative

39
Q

HLA associated with lupus

A

HLA-DR3

40
Q

Antibodies that confer a poor prognosis in patients with lupus

A

Anti-dsDNA antibodies

41
Q

Complement system findings in lupus

A

Decreased C3, C4, CH50

42
Q

Loss of which cell junction protein promotes metastasis

A

E-cadherin

43
Q

Type of melanocytic nevi that are papular

A

Intradermal

44
Q

Type of melanocytic nevi that are macular

A

Junctional

45
Q

Difference between bacillary angiomatosis and Kaposi sarcoma

A

Bacillary angiomatosis has a neutrophilic infiltrate

46
Q

Part of the skin that is affected by exotoxins in scalded skin syndrome

A

Stratum grnaulosum

47
Q

Autoantibody found in pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG against desmoglein

48
Q

Characteristics of bullae in pemphigus vulgaris

A
  • Flaccid intraepidermal (“row of thombstones”)
  • Acantholytic cells in fluid
  • Can affect oral mucosa
49
Q

Characteristics of bullae in bullous pemphigoid

A
  • Tense blisters
  • Contain eosinophils
  • Do not involve oral mucosa
50
Q

Specific stain for melanoma

A

HMB-45

51
Q

Most common type of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

52
Q

Type of melanoma that can be found on palms, soles, and beneath the nails

A

Acral lentiginous (poor prognosis)

53
Q

Antibody positivity in pregnant women with Sjögren syndrome that increases risk for delivering babies with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block

A

anti-SSA/Ro

54
Q

Most common cause of isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase in patients older than 40 years old

A

Paget disease

55
Q

Bone disease that can lead to high-output cardiac failure due to AV shunts in bone

A

Paget disease

56
Q

Most common location of an osteoma

A

Surface of facial bones

57
Q

Difference between an osteoblastoma and an osteoid osteoma

A

Osteoblastoma is larger (greater than 2 cm), arises in vertebrae, and does not respond to aspirin

58
Q

Common locations of chondrosarcoma

A

Medulla of the pelvis or central skeleton

59
Q

HLA associated with psoriasis

A

HLA-C

60
Q

Biopsy finding in sebirrheic keratosis

A

Keratin pseudocysts

61
Q

Biopsy finding in Spitz nevus (juvenile melanoma)

A

Presence of spindle cells

62
Q

Biopsy finding in acute contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis

A

Accumulation of fluid within the epidermis

63
Q

Biopsy finding in dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Microscopic blister at dermal papillae

64
Q

Part of the spine that can be affected in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Cervical spine

Musculoskeletal Kaplan (3 decks)

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